Current symptoms and data

Link to the full version of this video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngYWeKEvfxo Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Covid infection did not increase incidence of post-covid myocarditis or pericarditis.

Denmark is ahead of the strategy, as usual. China latest news, not good at all.Uploaded 28-04-22Denmark https://www.sst.dk/en/english/corona-eng/status-of-the-epidemic/covid-19-updates-statistics-and-chartsPopulation, 5.9 millionCases, + 1,484Reinfections, 128Hospitalised, 733ICU, 13Ventilated, 4Deaths, 4Over 12, 2 doses, 89%Over 18, boosted, 76%DenmarkFebruary 1st First country to remove all pandemic related domestic restrictions(Virus was no longer considered a critical threat)Tyra Grove Krause, director of infection preparedness, SSILet the new wave run through the populationWith omicron, it is impossible to stop the spread of infection, even with severe restrictionshttps://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/04/26/denmark-becomes-first-country-suspend-covid-vaccine-programme/First country to suspend Covid-19 vaccination programmeFrom May 15th May resume the programme after the summerDanish Health AuthorityVirus under controlHigh levels of vaccinationDrop in the number of new infectionsStabilising hospitalisation ratesBolette Soborg, Chief physicianWe plan to reopen the vaccination programme in the autumn. This will be preceded by a thorough professional assessment of who and when to vaccinate and with which vaccinesChinahttps://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2022/04/26/china-got-covid-policy-wrong-millions-shunned-homegrown-vaccine/Dr Yanzhong Huang, Council on Foreign RelationsThey’re not even considering co-existence with the virus as an option right nowDr Liang Wannian, head of expert panelhuge disaster if China relaxed restrictionszero-Covid policy insurance for the 1.4 billion peopleBackground scandals2018, Changchun Changsheng, violated standards in 250,000 doses of vaccine for diphtheria, tetanus, whooping coughHong Kong dataTwo doses of Sinovac, 72% effective against severe or fatal Covid-19 for over 60sThree doses, 98%One month Chinese outbreak, 31,000 to 250,000 deaths.Professor Steve Tsang, Chatham HouseChina’s low death demonstrate clear superiority Zero-Covid is Xi's policyXi does not make mistakes and cannot be seen to make mistakesIt cannot be changed unless Xi says otherwise Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Natural infection and / or vaccination? and Special report MississippiUploaded 21-08-21https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-58270098Delta in UKViral burden and vaccine effectiveness against new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the UK https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/covid-19/covid-19-infection-survey/results/new-studieshttps://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/files/coronavirus/covid-19-infection-survey/finalfinalcombinedve20210816.pdfDelta infections after two vaccine doses had similar peak levels of virus to those in unvaccinated peopleTwo doses of either vaccine, same level of protection against infection as natural infectionNatural infection followed by vaccination, even more protection than vaccination aloneAfter four to five months, effectiveness of these two vaccines similarThe time between doses does not affect effectiveness in preventing new infectionsNowLevels of immunity in the communityImplications for vaccination in childrenShould we use virus or booster shots to top up immunity in adults?Prof Eleanor Riley, immunologist, University of EdinburghWe could be digging ourselves into a hole, for a very long time, where we think we can only keep Covid away by boosting every yearProf Adam Finn, government vaccine adviserOver-vaccinating people when other parts of the world had nonea bit insane, it's not just inequitable, it's stupidhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41401-020-0485-4SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the β coronavirus familySeventh known coronavirus to infect humansFour cause colds, 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1SARS-CoV, 2002MERS-CoV, 2012SARS-CoV-2, 2019SARS-CoV-2Single-stranded RNA-enveloped virusEntire genome, 29,881 basesEncoding 9,860 amino acids28 proteins essential for infectionBreadth of immunityHow much of the virus the immune system learns to attackNatural infection, more polyclonalModerna or Pfizer or Oxford-AstraZeneca, just spike proteinKeeps people out of hospital28 proteins recognised give Lymphocytes a ‘target rich environment’Prof Eleanor Riley, immunologist, University of EdinburghThat means if you had a real humdinger of an infection, you may have better immunity to any new variants that pop up as you have immunity to more than just spikeStrength of immunityPower to prevent infection and cause severe diseaseIn the case of breakthrough infection or reinfectionAsymptomatic, low levels of antibodiesSymptomatic or ill, higher levels of antibodiesDuration of immunityNaturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infectionhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03696-9Natural infection, no vaccinationAntibody to the receptor binding domain, activeRBD-specific memory B cells, active and relatively stable between 6 and 12 months after infectionVaccination further increases all components of the humoral responseResults in serum neutralizing activities against variants of concernSimilar to or greater than the neutralizing activity against the original Wuhan Hu-1 strainachieved by vaccination of naive individualsThe data suggest that immunity in convalescent individuals will be very long lasting and that convalescent individuals who receive available mRNA vaccines will produce antibodies and memory B cells that should be protective against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.Anatomical location of immunityImmunoglobulin A, mucous membranesImmunoglobulin M and G, in the bloodProf Paul Klenerman, University of OxfordThe location of an infection makes a difference even if it's the same virus,so we would expect important differences between natural infection and vaccinesCurrent questionsDo vaccinated adults need to be boosted, or is exposure to the virus enough?Do children need vaccinating at all, or does a lifetime of ongoing exposures build a good immune defence? Immune top ups occur with respirat Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thanks to film maker Erik Tangsoo for his brilliant graphics. Do check out his full film here, Premiere: Inside mRNA Vaccines https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZrJraN2nOQ Inside the Vaccine Trials https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBhjCBa7oDE Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices