Summary
A recent discussion delves into the life cycle of the sun, exploring its current state and future transformations. The sun, a massive sphere of hot ionized gas primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, generates energy through nuclear fusion in its core. This process, which converts hydrogen into helium, has sustained the sun for billions of years, but as it ages, the core's fuel supply diminishes, leading to significant changes in its structure and luminosity.
As the sun evolves, it will eventually exhaust its hydrogen supply, transitioning into a red giant phase where it could expand dramatically, potentially engulfing the inner planets, including Earth. This phase is characterized by increased luminosity and a shift in the sun's color to a reddish hue. Following this, the sun will undergo further transformations, ultimately becoming a white dwarf after shedding its outer layers. This remnant will cool and fade over trillions of years, leaving behind a dark, silent legacy of what was once a vibrant source of life for Earth. The discussion emphasizes humanity's quest for understanding the cosmos and our place within it, highlighting the sun's story as a testament to scientific curiosity and discovery.
Show Notes
For billions of years the Sun has been the perpetual, life-giving star in our sky. It's a force of immense power, yet one we take for granted in our every day lives. But like all things, it too must eventually end. Today, we chronicle the future of our home star, its various phases, why this all happens, and the final fate of our Solar System.Written and presented by Prof David Kipping. Edited by Jorge Casas. Thanks to Matt Scoggins for checking the script.→ Support our research program: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get Stash here! https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-store→ Check out our podcast over at www.youtube.com/@CoolWorldsPodcastTHANK-YOU to our supporters D. Smith, M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, N. Kildal, Z. Star, E. West, T. Zajonc, C. Wolfred, L. Skov, G. Benson, A. De Vaal, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, M. Forbes, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, J. Rockett, D. Murphree, T. Donkin, K. Myers, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, J. Black, R. Ramezankhani, J. Armstrong, K. Weber, S. Marks, L. Robinson, S. Roulier, B. Smith, J. Cassese, J. Kruger, S. Way, P. Finch, S. Applegate, L. Watson, E. Zahnle, N. Gebben, J. Bergman, E. Dessoi, C. Macdonald, M. Hedlund, P. Kaup, C. Hays, W. Evans, D. Bansal, J. Curtin, J. Sturm, RAND Corp., M. Donovan, N. Corwin, M. Mangione, K. Howard, L. Deacon, G. Metts, G. Genova, R. Provost, B. Sigurjonsson, G. Fullwood, B. Walford, J. Boyd, N. De Haan, J. Gillmer, R. Williams, E. Garland, A. Leishman, A. Phan Le, R. Lovely, M. Spoto, A. Steele, M. Varenka, K. Yarbrough, A. Cornejo, D. Compos, F. Demopoulos, G. Bylinsky, J. Werner, B. Pearson, S. Thayer, T. Edris, A. Harrison, B. Seeley, F. Blood, M. O'Brien & P. Muzyka.::References::► Schröder & Smith, 2008, "Distant future of the Sun and Earth revisited", MNRAS, 386, 155: https://arxiv.org/abs/0801.4031::Music::Music licensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], Artlist.io, via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), or with permission from the artist.► Hill - Pinhole of Light [https://open.spotify.com/track/1gJEKPQETo3GDqUAhVomJD]► Chris Zabriskie - Stories About the World That Once Was► Falls - Ripley ► Hill - Don't Think [https://open.spotify.com/track/1KUcWR8FzkVVKzyq8mJH3O]► Hill - A Slowly Lifting Fog [https://open.spotify.com/track/0GgkyL3y22kFslT6wUsKlt?si=35f82c623b9f486d&nd=1]► Chris Zabriskie - The Ocean's Continue to Rise► Joachim Heinrich - Y► Indive - Fusion::Chapters::00:00 Introduction02:06 The Modern Sun06:41 Leaving the Main Sequence09:49 Sub-Giant Phase12:24 Giant Mode17:05 The Helium Flash19:07 A Second Life20:58 Asymptotic Hell23:25 The White Dwarf Sun25:38 The Bitter End27:54 Outro & Credits#TheSun #DistantFuture #Astronomy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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The Cool Worlds Lab just announced the discovery of the first transiting Jupiter-analog outside the Solar System, named "Kepler-167e". The transit method has been incredibly successful at finding exoplanets, with thousands now known thanks to NASA's Kepler Mission. But, planets on wide orbits, like Jupiter, are very tricky to find with this technique. Prof Kipping explains how his team overcame these obstacles to make this important discovery, opening the door to learning about alien Jupiters in much more detail.::More about this Video::► Kipping et al. (2016), "A Transiting Jupiter Analog": https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.00042► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk::Playlists For Channel::Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorldsCool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearchGuest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuestsQ&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQAScience of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies::Follow us::SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribeCool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.eduTwitter https://twitter.com/david_kippingInstagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worldsTHANKS FOR WATCHING!! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
► 🌏 Upgrade your online protection with an all-in-one security app! ➵ https://NordVPN.com/coolworlds It’s risk free with Nord’s 30 day money-back guarantee!✌In 1781, William Herschel discovered Uranus. He became the most famous astronomer of his day, and a legend in the annals of history. Yet he also had some very strange beliefs about aliens. So strange it begs the question - how?!:Written & presented by David Kipping, edited by Jorge Casas→ Support our research: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get merch: https://crowdmade.com/collections/cool-worlds→ Check out our podcast: www.youtube.com/@CoolWorldsPodcastTHANK-YOU to S. Shardool, M. Seay, M. McMillan, M. Popovski, M. Singh, M. Elliott, M. Donkin, M. Zajonc, M. Czirr, M. Williams, M. Daughaday, M. Muriuki, M. Cartmell, M. Ford, M. Devermont, M. Hedlund, M. Patterson, M. Murphy, M. Bassnett, M. Lovely, M. Schiff, M. Bylinsky, C. Fitzgerald, M. Danielson, M. Morrow, M. Corwin, M. Schreiner, M. Metts, M. Stevenson, M. Vystoropskyi, M. Brownlee, M. Shamp, M. Sattler, M. Ross-Lee, M. Bueche, M. Fitzsimmons, M. Borisoff, M. Larter, M. Cunningham, M. Williams, M. Alley, M. Adler, M. Murray, L. Deacon, M. Kruger, M. Bryant, M. Lee, P. Johnston, M. Sanford, N. Offor, M. Saint, R. Borbidge, M. Reese, M. Langley, M. Howard, M. Stewart, M. Morrison, M. Kennedy, M. Aron, M. Rockett, M. Kingston, M. Daniluk, M. Schoen, M. Lee, M. Huch, M. Chaffee, M. Simmons, M. Herman, M. Vaal, M. Canning, M. Kochkov, M. Fullwood, G. Belsak, M. Bergman, M. Armstrong, M. Bottaccini, M. Farabee, B. Gaalen, M. Haan, M. Hoffman, E. Garland, M. Everest, M. Venzor, M. Frederick, M. Peraza, W. Ruf, M. Matters, M. Smith, M. Hansen, M. Edris, M. Souter, M. Smith, M. OBrien, M. Provost & M. Nimmerjahn.REFERENCES► Hoskin, Michael, "Discoverers of the Universe: William and Caroline Herschel"MUSICLicensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], Artlist.io, via CC Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) or with permission from the artist. You can see all of our past music here: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0Bu2UQlKDb0KaeliLZUOZn► In the Moment - Scott Buckley► Dust and Light - Hill► Cylinder Four - Chris Zabriskie► World of Wonder - Hill► Cylinder Four - Chris Zabriskie► First and Last - Hill► Don’t Think - Hill► To Accept the Partings That Must Come - Hill#Uranus #Aliens #CoolWorlds Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Go to http://DrinkLMNT.com/coolworlds for a free sample pack with any order!One of strangest discoveries in astronomy is one you've probably never heard of - Przybylski’s Star. This is a star that defies natural explanation and has many wondering whether this could be evidence of alien life, a star being deliberately "salted" by some advanced civilization. Join us today to learn more.Written & presented by Prof. David Kipping, edited by Jorge Casas. Special thanks to Jason Wright for fact checking and for his wonderful blog that inspired this video - https://sites.psu.edu/astrowright/przybylskis-star/.→ Support our research: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get merch: https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-store→ Check out our podcast: www.youtube.com/@CoolWorldsPodcastTHANK-YOU to D. Smith, M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, N. Kildal, Z. Star, E. West, T. Zajonc, C. Wolfred, L. Skov, G. Benson, A. De Vaal, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, J. Rockett, D. Murphree, T. Donkin, K. Myers, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, J. Black, R. Ramezankhani, J. Armstrong, K. Weber, S. Marks, L. Robinson, S. Roulier, B. Smith, J. Cassese, J. Kruger, S. Way, P. Finch, S. Applegate, L. Watson, E. Zahnle, N. Gebben, J. Bergman, E. Dessoi, C. Macdonald, M. Hedlund, P. Kaup, C. Hays, W. Evans, D. Bansal, J. Curtin, J. Sturm, RAND Corp., M. Donovan, N. Corwin, M. Mangione, K. Howard, L. Deacon, G. Metts, R. Provost, B. Sigurjonsson, G. Fullwood, B. Walford, J. Boyd, N. De Haan, J. Gillmer, R. Williams, E. Garland, A. Leishman, A. Phan Le, R. Lovely, M. Spoto, A. Steele, K. Yarbrough, A. Cornejo, D. Compos, F. Demopoulos, G. Bylinsky, J. Werner, B. Pearson, S. Thayer, T. Edris, B. Seeley, F. Blood, M. O'Brien, P. Muzyka, D. Lee, J. Sargent, M. Czirr, F. Krotzer, I. Williams, J. Sattler, J. Smallbon, B. Reese, J. Yoder, O. Shabtay, X. Yao, S. Saverys, M. Pittelli, A. Nimmerjahn & C. Seay.REFERENCES► Przybylski, A. 1977, "Is iron present in the atmosphere of HD 101065?", MNRAS 178, 71: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977MNRAS.178...71P► Wolff S. & Hagen, W. 1976, "The magnetic field of HD 101065", PASP 88, 119: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976PASP...88..119W► Gopka, V. et al. 2008, "Identification of absorption lines of short half-life actinides in the spectrum of Przybylski's star (HD 101065)", KPCB 24, 89: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008KPCB...24...89G/abstract► Whitemire, D. & Wright, D. 1980, "Nuclear waste spectrum as evidence of technological extraterrestrial civilizations", Icarus 42, 149: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980Icar...42..149W/abstractMUSICLicensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], Artlist.io, via CC Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) or with permission from the artist.0:00: Arc - Hill0:30: Falls - Ripley2:07: Cylinder Seven - Chris Zabriskie6:39: There is But One Good - Hill 24:32: Y - Joachim HeinrichCHAPTERS0:00 A Peculiar Star2:39 Spectroscopic Strangeness5:25 It Gets Weirder5:50 LMNT7:15 Impossible Chemistry9:44 Explanations13:09 Aliens16:12 Outro & Credits#Aliens #Astrobiology #CoolWorlds Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Astronomers just announced the discovery of seven Earth-sized transiting planets around TRAPPIST-1! Elisabeth Newton, who studies very small stars like TRAPPIST-1, came by the Cool Worlds Lab to tell us about how this star might affect the prospects for life on these potentially habitable worlds.::More about this Video::► Gillon et al. (2017), "Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1": http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v542/n7642/full/nature21360.html► O'Malley-James & Kaltenegger (2017), "UV Surface Habitability of the TRAPPIST-1 System": https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.06936► TRAPPIST-1 website: www.trappist.one► Elisabeth Newton's website: https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~enewton/► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk::Playlists For Channel::Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorldsCool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearchGuest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuestsQ&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQAScience of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies::Follow us::SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribeCool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.eduTwitter https://twitter.com/david_kippingInstagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worldsTHANKS FOR WATCHING!! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
We're looking forward to the new sci-fi film "Arrival", which explores the barriers to communicating with aliens even face to face. Astronomers really are trying to listen for alien communications, mostly using radio receivers but increasingly by looking for optical laser transmissions too. One of our wild ideas here at the Cool Worlds Lab is that optical SETI could try focussing these efforts to physically-motivated special moments in time to dramatically increase the survey efficiency. Prof Kipping pitches this new concept to all you Cool Worlders!::More about this Video::► Kipping & Teachey (2016), "A Cloaking Device for Transiting Planets": https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.08928► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk::Playlists For Channel::Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorldsCool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearchGuest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuestsQ&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQAScience of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies::Follow us::SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribeCool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.eduTwitter https://twitter.com/david_kippingInstagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worldsTHANKS FOR WATCHING!! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices