Lecture 19: Affinity and Nonequilibrium Law of Mass Action; Potential Energy Surface
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The latter part of the transcript delves into complex scientific discussions about chemical reactions, focusing on the principles of thermodynamics and chemical equilibrium. It explains the mechanisms of chemical reactions, including the concept of activated complexes and the significance of the second law of thermodynamics in determining stable equilibrium states. The discussion also touches on the mathematical modeling of chemical reactions and the implications of these models for understanding reaction kinetics and thermodynamic properties.
Show Notes
MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024Instructor: Gian Paolo BerettaUploaded 05-12-24View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2ilThis lecture covers: Potential energy surface. Transitional state and activated complex. Affinity of a reaction. Nonequilibrium law of mass action for ideal and nonideal mixtures and solutions. Affinities vanish at chemical equilibrium. Complete chemical equilibrium.Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec19_pdf/Key moments:00:00:00 - Introduction00:00:27 - Second Law and State Principle for Reacting System00:01:47 - Hatsopoulos-Keenan Statement of the Second Law00:06:20 - State Principle and Maximum Entropy Principle00:09:20 - Review: Enthalpy of Formation and Bond Energies00:10:45 - Collisions00:13:19 - Potential Energy Surface and Activated Complex00:23:32 - Forward and Backward Half-Reactions00:28:57 - Extension of the Simple System Model: Assumptions00:42:13 - Fundamental Relation for Chemical Equilibrium00:46:53 - Necessary Condition for Chemical Equilibrium00:47:08 - Non-Equilibrium Law of Mass Action01:01:03 - Law of Mass Action in Terms of Activities01:02:37 - Temperature Dependence of Equilibrium Constants01:06:05 - Equilibrium Constants from Properties of Formation01:16:10 - Dissociation and NOx Formation in Combustion01:18:21 - Hydrocarbon Oxidation: Detailed Kinetic Mechanisms01:23:05 - Chemical Equilibrium Using Lagrange Multipliers01:28:37 - Complete Chemical EquilibriumLicense: Creative Commons BY-NC-SAMore information at https://ocw.mit.edu/termsMore courses at https://ocw.mit.eduSupport OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQWe encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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