Adrenochrome: The Chemical, The Scientists, and The Blood-Harvesting Legend

Links For The Occult Rejects https://linktr.ee/theoccultrejects

Occult Research Institute https://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/

Substack https://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-page

Cash App https://cash.app/$theoccultrejects

Venmo @TheOccultRejects

Patreon https://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejects

RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY I. CHEMISTRY, MEDICINE, AND EXPERIMENTS 1. Weinstein, S., and R. J. Manning. “Intermediate Oxidation Products of Epinephrine.” Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 32, no. 7 (1935): 1096–1097. doi:10.3181/00379727-32-7983P. Link: https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-32-7983P Access/evidence: Publisher text available. Episode use: Early adrenaline oxidation; do not describe this as proven isolation of modern adrenochrome. 2. Green, David Ezra, and Derek Richter. “Adrenaline and Adrenochrome.” Biochemical Journal 31, no. 4 (1937): 596–616. doi:10.1042/bj0310596. Link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1266980/ Access/evidence: Full article accessible. Episode use: Foundational chemistry and historical nomenclature. 3. Osmond, Humphry, and John Smythies. “Schizophrenia: A New Approach.” Journal of Mental Science 98, no. 411 (1952): 309–315. doi:10.1192/bjp.98.411.309. Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14917992/ Access/evidence: Citation verified; full text not reviewed. Episode use: Original proposed biochemical hypothesis. 4. Hoffer, Abram, Humphry Osmond, and John Smythies. “Schizophrenia: A New Approach. II. Result of a Year’s Research.” Journal of Mental Science 100, no. 418 (1954): 29–45. doi:10.1192/bjp.100.418.29. Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13152519/ Access/evidence: Citation and publisher extract verified; full paper not reviewed. Episode use: Early follow-up research. 5. Hoffer, Abram. “Adrenochrome in Blood Plasma.” American Journal of Psychiatry 114, no. 8 (1958): 752–753. doi:10.1176/ajp.114.8.752. Link: https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/ajp.114.8.752 Access/evidence: Citation verified; full paper paywalled. Episode use: Hoffer’s claimed measurement, not an accepted consensus. 6. Szára, Stephen, Julius Axelrod, and Seymour Perlin. “Is Adrenochrome Present in the Blood?” American Journal of Psychiatry 115, no. 2 (1958): 162–163. doi:10.1176/ajp.115.2.162. Link: https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/ajp.115.2.162 Access/evidence: Publisher abstract available. Episode use: Reports nondetection using the researchers’ method; a direct historical contrast with Hoffer. 7. Cohen, Gerald, Bernard Holland, and Marcel Goldenberg. “The Stability of Epinephrine and Arterenol (Norepinephrine) in Plasma and Serum: A Comparison of Normal and Schizophrenic Subjects.” AMA Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry 80, no. 4 (1958): 484–487. doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1958.02340100084020. Link: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/archneurpsyc/article-abstract/652760 Access/evidence: Publisher abstract/introduction available. Episode use: A related but distinct experimental question about catecholamine behavior. 8. Heacock, R. A. “The Chemistry of Adrenochrome and Related Compounds.” Chemical Reviews 59, no. 2 (1959): 181–237. doi:10.1021/cr50026a001. Link: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr50026a001 Access/evidence: Bibliographic record and period text identified. Episode use: Comprehensive contemporary chemistry review. 9. Payza, A. N., and M. E. Mahon. “Spectrofluorometric Estimation of Adrenochrome in Human Plasma.” Analytical Chemistry 31, no. 7 (1959): 1170–1174. doi:10.1021/ac60151a028. Link: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60151a028 Access/evidence: Citation verified; full paper paywalled. Episode use: Analytical-method dispute and measurement limitations. 10. Payza, A. N., and Margaret Mahon. “Modification of Spectrofluorometric Determination of Aminochromes in Human Plasma.” Analytical Chemistry 32, no. 1 (1960): 17–19. doi:10.1021/ac60157a005. Link: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60157a005 Access/evid