The Korean Diaspora in Siberia: Exile and Survival
The History of Korea: Kingdoms, War, and National Division — Fexingo HistorySummary
In the early 20th century, thousands of Koreans fled famine and political turmoil, settling in the Russian Far East, where they formed communities known as the Josian Zokusiai. This migration was initially seen as a viable alternative to Japanese imperialism, allowing them to farm and maintain their culture. However, the collapse of the Russian Empire after the 1917 revolution turned these communities into a battleground, with Koreans increasingly viewed as political liabilities amid rising tensions between the Red and White Armies.
As the Bolsheviks suspected Korean communities of being potential collaborators with Japan, policies shifted from tolerance to expulsion. Many Koreans faced brutal deportations, with some families attempting to return to Korea, only to find it under Japanese control. Pak Yong-soo, a community leader, advocated for organized repatriation, but many were instead left stranded or sent to remote islands, highlighting the existential struggle of these displaced individuals caught between two empires.
Despite the hardships, the Korean exiles in Siberia maintained their cultural identity through secret meetings and underground education. They formed mutual aid societies to support one another during harsh winters and faced violent pogroms, such as the burning of the Korean village at Ashuryask in 1921, driven by panic and rumors of collaboration with the White Army. The resilience of these communities laid the groundwork for the vibrant Koryoserum culture in Central Asia today, showcasing their adaptability and the enduring impact of their historical struggles on contemporary Korean identity.
Show Notes
This episode explores the harrowing fate of Koreans exiled to Siberia following the collapse of the Russian Empire and the subsequent civil war. We examine the lives of the Joseon Zokusei, or ethnic Koreans living in the Russian Far East, who found themselves trapped between Bolshevik forces, White Army remnants, and Japanese imperial ambitions. The narrative focuses on the forced repatriation efforts led by figures like Pak Yŏng-su and the tragic losses endured during the journey home. Listeners will learn about the Shinminzu policy implemented by Japan, the formation of refugee communities in Vladivostok, and the enduring legacy of the Koryo-saram population that remains in Central Asia today. Through specific accounts of survival against the harsh climate and political persecution, we uncover a chapter of history often overshadowed by the Imjin War and Japanese colonization, highlighting the resilience of ordinary people caught in the crossfire of global powers.
#KoreanHistory #SiberianExile #JoseonZokusei #RussianFarEast #Koryo-saram #PakYongSu #Shinminzu #Vladivostok #CivilWar #Bolsheviks #WhiteArmy #JapaneseEmpire #RefugeeCrisis #Manchuria #HeungseonDaewongun #KimOkGyun #HanHmong #FexingoHistory #History
Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
More from The History of Korea: Kingdoms, War, and National Division — Fexingo History
In this episode, we turn away from the battlefields of the Imjin War and the political betrayals of the late Joseon period to explore one of East Asia’s most remarkable cultural achievements: the creation of Hangul. While earlier episodes have touched on King Sejong and the Hunminjeongeum, here we dive into the intense intellectual and political resistance faced by the scholar-officials who championed the new script. We examine the role of scholars like Shin Suk-ju and Yi Gwal, who were often the fiercest critics of the alphabet, arguing that it degraded the sanctity of Chinese characters (Hanja). Through their debates, we uncover how Hangul was initially dismissed as a tool for women and the illiterate, yet gradually became a vessel for folk songs, literature, and eventually national identity. This story is about the struggle for linguistic sovereignty and how a script designed in a palace can outlast empires.
In this episode, we explore the dramatic final years of the Korean Empire under King Gojong. After the assassination of Empress Myeongseong in 1895, Gojong’s trust in Russia deepened, leading to the controversial Gapsin Coup aftermath and his secret relocation to the Russian Legation in Seoul for three years. This period, known as the Ilmi Uihang, saw Korea attempting to balance between Japanese, Russian, and Chinese imperial interests while modernizing its military and administration. We examine how this diplomatic isolation accelerated Japan’s annexation plans and detail the specific treaties signed during this tense standoff, including the Treaty of Portsmouth implications. The narrative covers the internal strife among Joseon officials, the role of key figures like Min Young-hwan, and the eventual restoration of Gojong to the palace amidst growing nationalist sentiment.
While previous episodes have chronicled the martial conflicts and political betrayals that shaped the Korean peninsula, this episode turns its gaze to a quieter but equally profound revolution: the creation of Hangul. We explore the mind of King Sejong the Great, the scholar-officials who drafted the Hunminjeongeum in 1443, and the fierce resistance they faced from the elite class who clung to Classical Chinese characters, or Hanja. This conversation examines how a script designed for the common people became a cornerstone of national identity, defying centuries of linguistic imperialism. We look at specific figures like Shin Suk-ju and Yi Gwal, the printing innovations that spread literacy, and the enduring legacy of the Jikji, the world's oldest extant metal movable type book. By understanding the battle for language, we uncover the intellectual foundation that allowed Korea to survive division and occupation.
While previous episodes have covered the military conflicts and political betrayals that shaped Korea, this episode turns to the cultural heart of the Joseon Dynasty. We explore the reign of King Sejong the Great, often called the most influential monarch in Korean history, and his creation of Hangul, the Korean alphabet. Lucas and Luna discuss how Sejong’s court scholars worked to make literacy accessible to commoners, breaking the monopoly of Hanja (Chinese characters) held by the elite. The conversation details the specific linguistic challenges that led to the invention of this unique script, its philosophical underpinnings, and the fierce resistance it faced from Confucian scholars who viewed it as a threat to traditional learning. We also examine the broader intellectual flourishing of the era, including advancements in astronomy, agriculture, and medicine, painting a picture of a society striving for harmony and knowledge amidst geopolitical pressure from Ming China and later the Qing Dynasty.
In this episode, we explore the tragic and often overlooked persecution of Catholics in Joseon Korea during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. We trace the arrival of silhak scholars who brought Western texts back from Beijing, leading to the formation of a unique indigenous church without foreign missionaries. Lucas and Luna discuss the violent crackdowns known as the Sihae Persecution and the Byeongin Persecution, focusing on the brutal execution of Korean converts like Father Zhou Wenmo and the martyrdom at Jeamun Gate. We examine how these events shaped Korean Catholic identity, highlighting figures such as Charles Choi Yang-eop and the role of the Heungseon Daewongun in later suppressions. This story reveals how faith survived in isolation, driven by lay leaders and intellectual curiosity rather than colonial imposition.