The Hidden Price of Climate Change: Crash Course Climate and Energy #11

I'm sure you've heard of Pavlov's Bell, but what was Ivan Pavlov up to, exactly? And how are our brains trained? And what is a "Skinner Box"? All those questions and more are answered in today's Crash Course Psychology, in which Hank talks about some of the aspects of learning. Want more videos about psychology? Check out our sister channel SciShow Psych at https://www.youtube.com/scishowpsych! --Chapters:Introduction: Ivan Pavlov 00:00Associative Learning 1:33Classical Conditioning 2:47Behaviorist Theory 4:22Watson's Experiments 4:46Operant Conditioning 5:42Positive & Negative Reinforcement 7:18Primary Reinforcers & Conditioned Reinforcers 8:54Reinforcement Scheduling 9:32Review & Credits 11:00--Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Now that we know how complex and interwoven climate change is with society globally, we can begin to see it everywhere. But that heightened awareness also means we can begin to see solutions everywhere. In this episode of Crash Course Climate & Energy, we break down what needs to happen in our governments, corporations, and communities to slow the increase of Earth's average temperature. Chapters:Introduction: Slowing Down Climate Change 00:00Limiting Global Warming 1:02A Carbon-Neutral Future 3:31Governments & Corporations 6:16Young People Leading the Climate Movement 8:04Climate Change is Everywhere 9:48People Power Works 11:38Review & Credits 12:08Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rRJ-L9TLNfPwPfzn3LdjDEw-wHtThwTfDUe2rDtFXQQ/edit?usp=sharing***Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Katie, Tori Thomas, DL Singfield, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Burt Humburg, Allyson Martin, Aziz Y, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Jon Allen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, William McGraw, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Pineapples of Solidarity, Katie Dean, Stephen McCandless, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Justin, Mark, Caleb Weeks.__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In which John Green teaches you about Chinua Achebe's 1958 novel, Things Fall Apart. You'll learn about Igboland, a region in modern-day Nigeria, prior to the arrival of the British Empire. Achebe tells the story of Okonkwo, an Igbo villager who has worked his way up from life as a sharecropped and become a respected leader in his community. Okonkwo has a tragic fall and is exiled. And then the trouble starts. British missionaries arrive and change everything. Things Fall Apart has a lot to say about colonization and even something to say about decolonization.Consider supporting local bookstores by purchasing your books through our Bookshop affiliate link https://bookshop.org/shop/complexly​ or at your local bookseller.Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Welcome to Crash Course Botany! Over the next 15 episodes, Alexis Nikole Nelson will spill plants’ secrets—how they evolved, how they function, and just how vital they are to human societies and all of life on Earth. Episode 1 premieres on May 18.***Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Tawny Whaley, Sean Saunders, Katie, Tori Thomas, DL Singfield, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Jon Allen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, William McGraw, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Pineapples of Solidarity, Katie Dean, Stephen McCandless, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Now that we’ve finished our tour of the planets, we’re headed back to the asteroid belt. Asteroids are chunks of rock, metal, or both that were once part of smallish planets but were destroyed after collisions. Most orbit the Sun between Mars and Jupiter, but some get near the Earth. The biggest, Ceres, is far smaller than the Moon but still big enough to be round and has undergone differentiation.CORRECTION: In the episode, we say that 2010 TK7 is 800 km away. However, 2010 TK7 stays on average 150 million kilometers from Earth, but that can vary wildly.Sorry about that!Check out the Crash Course Astronomy solar system poster here: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster--Chapters:Introduction: Asteroids 00:00What are Asteroids? 1:37Structure of the Main Belt 2:18Ceres's Structure 3:43Vesta and other Main Belt Asteroids 4:38Rubble Piles 5:16Why did the Asteroid Belt form? 6:20Mars-crossing, Apollo, and Aten Asteroids 7:16Trojan Asteroids & Lagrange Points 8:25How Asteroids Get Their Names 9:53Review 10:41--PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudiosFollow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomerCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids--PHOTOS/VIDEOSTimelapse of Asteroid 2004 FH's flyby http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asteroid_2004_FH.gif [credit: NASA/JPL Public Domain]Asteroid Discovery Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2k2vkLEE4ko [credit: Scott Manley - [email protected]]Inner Solar System http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:InnerSolarSystem-en.png [credit: Wikimedia Commons]Kirkwood gaps http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kirkwood-gaps-as-disk.png [credit: Wikimedia Commons]Ceres, Earth & Moon size comparison http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ceres,_Earth_%26_Moon_size_comparison.jpg [credit: NASA]Dawn Glimpses Ceres’ North Pole http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2015-133 [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA]Ceres cutaway http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ceres_Cutaway.jpg [credit: NASA, ESA, and A. Feild (STScI)]Bright Spot on Ceres Has Dimmer Companion http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA19185 [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA]Vesta http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Vesta#/media/File:Vesta_full_mosaic.jpg [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCAL/MPS/DLR/IDA]Lutetia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_Lutetia#/media/File:Lutetia_closest_approach_(Rosetta).jpg [credit: ESA]Gaspra http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galileo_Gaspra_Mosaic.jpg [credit: NASA]Steins http://neo.ssa.esa.int/image/image_gallery?uuid=db747cf5-9d21-405e-bcdb-e70fe475edc9&groupId=10157&t=1340734455649 [credit: ESA/Osiris]Mathilde http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/images/mathilde1.jpg [credit: NEAR Spacecraft Team, JHUAPL, NASA]Ida http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/243_Ida#/media/File:243_ida_crop.jpg [credit: NASA/JPL]Kleopatra http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap000510.html [credit: Stephen Ostro et al. (JPL), Arecibo Radio Telescope, NSF, NASA]An artist's conception of two Pluto-sized dwarf planets in a collision around Vega. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets#/media/File:Massive_Smash-Up_at_Vega.jpg [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/T. Pyle (SSC)]Itokawa http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap140209.html [credit: ISAS, JAXA]An artist's illustration showing two asteroid belts and a planet orbiting Epsilon Eridani http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epsilon_Eridani#/media/File:NASA-JPL-Caltech_-_Double_the_Rubble_(PIA11375)_(pd).jpg [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech]Near-Earth Asteroids http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices