AI & the Limits of Clinician Vigilance. With Prof Julia Adler-Milstein- Professor at University of California

Millions of people are already using AI chatbots to make sense of their health- from understanding test results to managing long-term conditions and deciding whether they need medical help. In this episode, Dr Joe Alderman joins Annabelle to explore the opportunities and risks of using general-purpose AI chatbots for health. We discuss the risks and ask what this means for clinicians and health systems when AI is already becoming part of the health conversation, whether they are ready for it or not. The conversation moves beyond whether people should use AI and towards the more important question: how do we make its use safer?

Clinicians are uniquely placed to identify the problems facing healthcare, but does that make them good entrepreneurs? And does the NHS provide the right environment for their ideas to succeed? In this episode Annabelle is joined by Dr Tamsin Brown to explore clinical entrepreneurship through the lens of the NHS Clinical Entrepreneur Programme. We discuss what makes a successful clinical entrepreneur, the skills clinicians often lack, and why even the most promising healthcare innovations can fail. We also examine the barriers to innovation within the NHS, what needs to change to better support new ideas, and why entrepreneurship isn't the only route to impact and the value of supporting intrapreneurship.

In this episode, we explore the recommendations of the UK’s National Commission into the Regulation of AI in Healthcare, convened by the MHRA and bringing together clinicians, regulators, industry and the public. As generative AI meets healthcare, regulation is facing new and evolving challenges, how to support innovation whilst maintaining trust and patient safety in the face of technology that is evolving at an unprecedented rate. The National commission recommendations set our the UK's approach to tackling this challenge. Professor Alastair Denniston, Chair of the Commission, joins Annabelle to unpack the recommendations, what they mean for the future of AI regulation, and how the UK can balance safety, innovation and the unique opportunities of the NHS.

In this episode, Annabelle is joined by Sarah Townley, Deputy Medical Director at MPS Medical Protection Society, to discuss the growing problem of the "liability sink"—where clinicians and healthcare organisations can end up carrying the legal risk for AI-assisted decisions. We explore why the law is struggling to keep pace with AI, what changes are being proposed, and the practical steps clinicians can take now to protect themselves while using AI safely in practice.

Vibe coding is making it easier than ever for non-technical people to build software- but healthcare comes with unique risks and responsibilities. This episode is a practical guide to using AI-powered development tools safely in clinical settings. We explore medical device regulation, GDPR, patient safety, and the common pitfalls those working in healthcare need to avoid, alongside real-world examples of low-risk, high-impact tools that can improve workflows today. Whether you're already building with AI or just curious about getting started, this episode will help you innovate while staying on the right side of regulation.