Carry the Two

Mathematics & Representation

Carry the Two

Show Notes

We in the United States are deep in the middle of a major national election, and over half of the world’s population also have elections in 2024. This is why Carry the Two is going to focus on the intersection of mathematics and democracy for our new season.

In this episode, the second episode of our mathematics and democracy season, we speak again with mathematician Ismar Volić of Wellesley College and Director of the Institute for Mathematics and Democracy and Theodore R. Johnson, a scholar of Black electoral politics, a military veteran, and a contributing columnist at The Washington Post. We dig into what mathematics has to say about how the USA apportions members of the House of Representatives to states, learn how a fight between Jefferson and Hamilton over rounding led to the first presidential veto, and discuss different techniques for reforming the Electoral College.

Find our transcript here: Google Doc or .txt file

Curious to learn more? Check out these additional links:

Ismar Volić

Making Democracy Count: How Mathematics Improves Voting, Electoral Maps, and Representation

Institute for Mathematics and Democracy

Theodore R. Johnson

A Failing Grade for the Electoral College

Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (twitter) @IMSI_institute, (mastodon) https://sciencemastodon.com/@IMSI, (instagram) IMSI.institute

Music by Blue Dot Sessions

The Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation (IMSI) is funded by NSF grant DMS-1929348

More from Carry the Two

Oct 12, 2026

Hosts Sadie Witkowski and Ian Martin return for this season of Carry the Two, where we are exploring the intersection of AI and mathematical research. In this episode, we are joined by Dartmouth professor Feng Fu about his work in evolutionary game theory. Find our transcript here: Google Doc, or at imsi.institute Make sure to check out more about Feng Fu's research:https://faculty-directory.dartmouth.edu/feng-fu Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (bluesky) IMSI.institute (instagram) IMSI.institute Music by Blue Dot Sessions The Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation (IMSI) is funded by NSF grant DMS-1929348

Sep 28, 2026

Hosts Sadie Witkowski and Ian Martin return for this season of Carry the Two, where we are exploring the intersection of AI and mathematical research. In this episode, we are joined by postdoctoral researcher Saptarshi Pal, who explains how he uses game theory to study social behavior in large language models. Find our transcript here: Google Doc Make sure to check out more about Saptarshi Pal's research:https://saptarshi07.github.io/personal-website/index.html Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (bluesky) IMSI.institute (instagram) IMSI.institute Music by Blue Dot Sessions The Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation (IMSI) is funded by NSF grant DMS-1929348

Sep 14, 2026

Welcome to a new season of Carry the Two, the podcast about how math and statistics impact the world around us from the Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation.Hosts Sadie Witkowski and Ian Martin return for this season of Carry the Two, where we are exploring the intersection of AI and mathematical research. To kick off the new season, we are joined by the director of the newly-established Institute for Computer-Aided Reasoning in Mathematics (a National Science Foundation mathematical sciences research institute), Jeremy Avigad. Find our transcript here: Google Doc Make sure to check out more about Jeremy Avigad's research and the new sister math institute, ICARM:https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/avigad/https://icarm.io/ Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (bluesky) IMSI.institute (instagram) IMSI.institute Music by Blue Dot Sessions The Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation (IMSI) is funded by NSF grant DMS-1929348

May 7, 2026

Welcome to Carry the Two, the podcast about how math and statistics impact the world around us from the Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation. In this season of Carry the Two we are going to be examining how math and stats intersect with the world of gambling. This episode is all about online gambling sites use of sign up bonuses and betting systems. Hosts Sam Hansen and Sadie Witkowski are joined by David Taylor mathematician, Assistant Vice President at SUNY Erie, and creator of a course and author of a book on the mathematics, statistics, and probability of gambling.

Apr 23, 2026

Welcome to Carry the Two, the podcast about how math and statistics impact the world around us from the Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation. In this season of Carry the Two we are going to be examining how math and stats intersect with the world of gambling. This episode is all about sports prop bets and parlays. Hosts Sam Hansen and Sadie Witkowski are joined by David Taylor mathematician, Assistant Vice President at SUNY Erie, and creator of a course and author of a book on the mathematics, statistics, and probability of gambling.

See all episodes →