High-Risk Pregnancy 3

Understand the etiology and pathophysiology of ChronicKidney Disease (CKD) • What is CKD? • High risk groups • Stages of CKD 9. Recognize the clinical manifestations associated with CKD • Clinical manifestations of chronic uremia affecting bodily systems.

1. Review the structures and functions of thekidney. • Functionsof the nephron • Functionsof the kidneys 2. Understand the etiology and pathophysiology ofAcute Kidney Injury (AKI). Common causes of AKI • Prerenal • Intrarenal • Postrenal 3. Describethe clinical manifestations associated with AKI. Manifestations associated with: • Prerenal • Intrarenal • Postrenal Manifestations associated with the phases of acute tubularnecrosis (ATN): • Initiationphase • Maintenancephase • Recoveryphase 4. Understandthe diagnostic studies associated with AKI. • Urinalysis • Renalultrasound • Renalscan • Computedtomography (CT) • Retrogradepyelogram • Bloodwork (serum Cr, BUN, electrolytes) 5. Understandthe treatment modalities and interventions in AKI. • Treatmentof precipitating cause • Fluidrestrictions • Crystalloids • Nutritiontherapy • Treatmentsof hyperkalemia (including pharmacotherapy) • Calciumsupplements or phosphate-binding agents • Totalparenteral nutrition (if indicated) • Enteralnutrition (if indicated) • Renalreplacement therapy (RRT) (if indicated) 6. Understandpharmacological interventions in AKI. • Antihypertensives • Diuretics • Treatmentsof hyperkalemia • Calciumsupplements or phosphate-binding agents 7. Apply thenursing process in patients with AKI. • Nursingassessment (including nursing diagnoses) • Planning/goals • Nursingintervention • Evaluation

1. Understand the function of the Pituitary gland &adrenal system.

1. Understand the mechanism of breathing. Pressure relationships in the thoracic cavity: • intrapulmonarypressure • intrapleuralpressure • importanceof negative pressure in intrapleural space

1. Define chest trauma. 2. Identify the causes of chest injury. • Planned-Surgical • Unplanned accidents 3. Identify the common types of planned chest surgery. • Thoracotomy • Pneumonectomy • Lobectomy • Wide resection • Segmental resection 4. Describe classifications of chest trauma.  Penetrating  Non-penetrating 5. Understand the methods of assessing chest trauma.  Initial Assessment ABCs  History  Physical Examination  Chest x-ray  Laboratory tests  ABGs  ECG 6. Understand the complications of severe chest trauma.  Pneumothorax  Open pneumothorax  Mediastinal flutter  Tension Pneumothorax and mediastinal shift  Hemothorax  Fractured ribs  Flail chest