YaleCourses

23. The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Carnot's Engine

YaleCourses

Show Notes

For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.Uploaded 22-09-08Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)Why does a dropped egg that spatters on the floor not rise back to your hands even though no laws prohibit it? The answer to such irreversibility resides the Second Law of Thermodynamics which explained in this and the next lecture. The Carnot heat engine is discussed in detail to show how there is an upper limit to the efficiency of heat engines and how the concept of entropy arises from macroscopic considerations.00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap of First Law of Thermodynamics and Macroscopic State Properties13:22 - Chapter 2. Defining Specific Heats at Constant Pressure and Volume26:01 - Chapter 3. Adiabatic Processes43:57 - Chapter 4. The Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Concept of Entropy59:02 - Chapter 5. The Carnot Engine Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.eduThis course was recorded in Fall 2006. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

More from YaleCourses

Oct 27, 2026

In this lesson, we explore the profound digital transformation sweeping across healthcare, examining how technology is reshaping patient care, diagnostics, and data management. From the widespread adoption of electronic medical records and telemedicine to emerging fields like digital medicine, imaging, and biomarkers, we'll delve into the benefits and challenges of these advancements, highlighting the immense opportunities for innovation in medical software.Uploaded 19-08-25🎯 Learning Objectives• Define and understand the impact of key digital health technologies like EMRs, telemedicine, and digital medicine.• Identify the benefits and challenges associated with the digital transformation of healthcare, including data management and privacy.• Recognize the rapid growth and future potential of digital medical imaging and biomarkers.• Appreciate the exponential increase in healthcare data and its implications for medical decision-making and software development. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Oct 27, 2026

Introduction to Theory of Literature (ENGL 300)Uploaded 01-09-09In this lecture, Professor Paul Fry explores the works of major Russian formalists reviewed in an essay by Boris Eikhenbaum. He begins by distinguishing Russian formalism from hermeneutics. Eikhenbaum's dependency on core ideas of Marxist and Darwinian philosophies of struggle and evolution is explained. Formalism's scientific language and methodical aspirations are discussed. Crucial formalist distinctions between plot and story, practical and poetic language, and literature and literariness are clarified.00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction to the Russian Formalist Tradition09:22 - Chapter 2. Boris Eikhenbaum20:02 - Chapter 3. Criticism of Perception: Defamiliarization24:51 - Chapter 4. Poetic Language and Practical Language30:30 - Chapter 5. Device as a Function35:36 - Chapter 6. Plot and Story41:25 - Chapter 7. The Literary as HistoriographyComplete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/coursesThis course was recorded in Spring 2009. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Oct 27, 2026

The Johari window is a classic 2x2 that helps leaders expand their open and free area while shrinking blind spots and masks. This lesson explains the four quadrants and how to use the model to grow emotional intelligence in yourself and your team.Uploaded 09-06-26Key topics:- The Johari window: arena, mask, blind spot, and unknown- Expanding the open and free area appropriately- Reducing your mask to build trust and shared norms- Narrowing blind spots through feedback and assessments- Cultural considerations in self-disclosure- Sketching your own arena and your team's📚 About the Course:This course is designed to maximize your ability to create change at the individual, team and system levels. Through study, reflection, and deploying practical tools, you will establish a firm connection between your clearly articulated Purpose, effective Priorities, visualized Potential for success, and pathway to maximized Progress. But, what does that mean in practice?When you take this course, you will:Improve your ability to get the most out of life: Learn a simple practice to reflect on your purpose, clarify priorities, visualize your potential, and maximize your effectiveness at progressing towards your goals.Strengthen your leadership toolkit: Tap into your unique leadership style and strengths and join or create a community of others to maximize your potential as a team.Create change through systems thinking: Become a more effective agent of positive change and appreciate the power and complexity of system thinking.Course Takeaways:Improve your ability to get the most out of lifeStrengthen your leadership toolkitPractice and apply systems thinking to plan for change📺 Watch the full playlist on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLh9mgdi4rNezZEnhZC8dS3AvTnzOiB0Ij🎓 Enroll on Coursera for assessments and a certificate: https://www.coursera.org/learn/connected-leadership🌐 Explore more learning opportunities on Yale Online: https://online.yale.edu/courses/connected-leadership Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Oct 27, 2026

Why are the Sustainable Development Goals projected to be achieved by 2082 instead of 2030? In this lesson, we explore Catalyst 2030, an innovative global 'extrapreneurship' network designed to accelerate progress towards the SDGs by addressing insufficient and fragmented funding. Discover how this unique, distributed organization, led by a chief facilitator and refusing traditional hierarchies, empowers social entrepreneurs worldwide to shift power dynamics, influence policy, and foster collective action through a collaborative, constellation-like structure.Uploaded 13-08-25🎯 Learning Objectives• Understand the mission and 'extrapreneurship' approach of Catalyst 2030 in accelerating Sustainable Development Goals.• Identify critical challenges in current social innovation funding and how Catalyst 2030 addresses them.• Examine the unique, distributed 'constellation' structure and governance model of Catalyst 2030.• Discover key strategies governments can employ to foster supportive ecosystems for social entrepreneurs.• Appreciate the emphasis on shifting power dynamics and empowering grassroots voices in global social impact initiatives.📚 About the Course Have you ever wondered what it would be like to create real change? You don't have to start your own organization to make a difference in the world. Everyone can learn the social entrepreneurship mindset and skillset to build social impact. In this course, you will immerse yourself in a social or environmental challenge you want to tackle. You'll start by researching your topic of choice, talking to people, and ideating a potential solution that you can contribute. Then, you'll build a business model around that solution, understanding concepts like measuring social change, ensuring financial viability, funding and pitching. This course is a safe space to experiment and explore. You'll be guided by a ten stage framework to help structure your journey. Along the way, you'll hear from social entrepreneurs around the world through case studies and campus conversations. These include Yale alumni, members of the New Haven community, and global changemakers. Everyone is welcome to join this course! You can apply your lived, learned, or professional experience to discover how you're going to make a difference. 📺 Watch the full playlist on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLh9mgdi4rNezbi0aRJeVnt99ynTVZG1PL 🎓 Enroll on Coursera for assessments and a certificate: https://online.yale.edu/courses/creating-change-through-social-entrepreneurship 🌐 Explore more learning opportunities on Yale Online: https://online.yale.edu/courses/creating-change-through-social-entrepreneurship #SocialEntrepreneurship #YaleCourse #Impact #Changemakers #BusinessPlan #DesignThinking Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Oct 27, 2026

What separates a true system from a pile of parts? Walk through everyday examples like a car, a tree, and a rugby game to apply Donella Meadows' simple test for recognizing when something is a system rather than just stuff or silos.Uploaded 09-06-26Key topics:- Quick review of what defines a system- Cars and car parts: system versus collection- Natural and human-made systems side by side- Why a rugby game stays the same game with different players- Meadows' four questions for identifying a system📚 About the Course:This course is designed to maximize your ability to create change at the individual, team and system levels. Through study, reflection, and deploying practical tools, you will establish a firm connection between your clearly articulated Purpose, effective Priorities, visualized Potential for success, and pathway to maximized Progress. But, what does that mean in practice?When you take this course, you will:Improve your ability to get the most out of life: Learn a simple practice to reflect on your purpose, clarify priorities, visualize your potential, and maximize your effectiveness at progressing towards your goals.Strengthen your leadership toolkit: Tap into your unique leadership style and strengths and join or create a community of others to maximize your potential as a team.Create change through systems thinking: Become a more effective agent of positive change and appreciate the power and complexity of system thinking.Course Takeaways:Improve your ability to get the most out of lifeStrengthen your leadership toolkitPractice and apply systems thinking to plan for change📺 Watch the full playlist on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLh9mgdi4rNezZEnhZC8dS3AvTnzOiB0Ij🎓 Enroll on Coursera for assessments and a certificate: https://www.coursera.org/learn/connected-leadership🌐 Explore more learning opportunities on Yale Online: https://online.yale.edu/courses/connected-leadership Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

See all episodes →