Was Penrose Right? RECENT FINDINGS For Quantum Effects In The Brain

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACEUploaded 31-10-18Let me tell you a story about virtual particles. It may or may not be true. You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeGet your own Space Time t­-shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBiTweet at us! @pbsspacetimeFacebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetimeEmail us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] comComment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetimeHelp translate our videos!https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_...Previous Episode:Will We Ever Find Alien Life? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhJ9lJPt09k&t=347sHosted by Matt O'DowdWritten by Graeme Gossell and Matt O'DowdGraphics by Luke MaroldiAssistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike PetrowMade by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)Sometimes our mathematical hacks point to strange new aspects of reality. For example Max Planck used a quantization trick to figure out the spectrum of light emitted by hot objects. The quantization part of his math trick was meant to disappear in the final form of equation, but it remained - it proved fundamental. That math hack turned out to represent the very real quantum nature of the photon. This insight let to the discovery of all quantum physics. A more recent mathematical hack is the virtual particle. They started out as a trick to make impossible calculations in quantum field theory possible. Possible, at least, for the sort of people who can do quantum field theory. So will virtual particles also prove to represent a new underlying aspect of reality? We’re going to go pretty deep in this one - but it will bring us to a better understanding of the quantum nature of reality, so stick with me.Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big BangDavid NicklasCoolAsCatsAnton LifshitsFabrice EapJustin LloydJuan BenetQuasarTambe BarsbayMark RosenthalDean FuquaJames FlowersVinnie FalcoHypernovaChuck ZegarJordan YoungJoseph SalomoneJohn HofmannMartha HuntMatthew O’ConnorRatfeastBrent MullinsDonal BotkinEdmund FokschanerMax LevineThanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Alexander RodriguezAlexey EromenkoBrandon CookBrandon LabonteDaniel LyonsDavid CraneFabian OlesenFauzan ArdhanaGreg AllenGreg WeissJack FroschJames HughesJJ BagnellJon FolksJoseph EmisonJosh ThomasKevin WarneMalte UblMark VasileNathan LenizNicholas RoseNick VirtueScott GossettShannan CatalanoShawn AzmanTommy Mogensenسلطان الخليفي Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE↓ More info below ↓Uploaded 20-01-20Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeSign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!https://tinyurl.com/yx9cusk5Check out the Space Time Merch Storehttps://pbsspacetime.com/The three body problem is famous for being impossible to solve. But actually it's been solved many times, and in ingenious ways. Some of those solutions are incredibly useful, and some are incredibly bizarre.Hosted by Matt O'DowdWritten by Matt O'DowdGraphics by Leonardo Scholzer and Adriano LealPost Production: Yago Ballarini, Max Willians, Pedro OsinskiDirected by: Andrew KornhaberExecutive Producers: Eric Brown and Andrew KornhaberEnd Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0QPhysics - and arguably all of science changed forever in 1687 when Isaac Newton published his Principia. Within it were equations of motion and gravity that transformed our erratic-seeming cosmos into a perfectly tuned machine of clockwork predictability. Given the current positions and velocities of the bodies of the solar system, Newton’s equations could be used in principle be used to calculate their locations at any distant time, future or past. I say “in principle” because the reality isn’t so simple. Despite the beauty of Newton’s equations, they lead to a simple solution for planetary motion in only one case - when two and only two bodies orbit each other sans any other gravitational influence in the universe. Add just one more body and in most cases all motion becomes fundamentally chaotic - there exists no simple solution. This is the three-body problem, and we’ve been trying to solve it for over 300 years.Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters:Big Bang Supporters: Alexander TamasDavid BarnholdtDavid NicklasFabrice EapJohn SJuan BenetMorgan HoughQuasar Supporters:Christina OegrenMark HeisingVinnie FalcoHypernovaChuck ZegarDanton SpiveyDonal BotkinEdmund FokschanerHank SJohn HofmannJohn PollockJohn R. SlavikJordan YoungJoseph SalomoneJulian TyackeJustin AshMathewMatthew O'ConnorSyed AnsarTimothy McCullochHypernova Supporters: A GAdrian HatchAdrien MolyneuxAlecZeroAndreas NautschAngela PriggeBradley JenkinsBrandon labonteCraig StonahaDan WarrenDaniel LyonsDavid BethalaDFaulkEric KieblerFrederic SimonGeoffrey ShortGraydon GossGreg SmithJohn FunaiJohn GriffithJohn RobinsonJonathan NesfederJosh ThomasKevin LeeKevin WarneKyle HoferMalte UblMichael ConroyNick VirtueNick WrightPatrick SuttonPaul RoseRandall SylviaRobert IlardiScott GossettSean WarniahaSipke SchoorstraSteve BradshawTatiana VorovchenkoTim StephaniTonyfaceTybie FitzhughYurii Konovaliuk Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE↓ More info below ↓Uploaded 03-09-19Please Take the PBS Digital Studios Annual Survey Here: https://www.pbsresearch.org/c/r/ST_YTvideoIt's very helpful and you could win a free T-Shirt! Support Space Time on Patreonhttps://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeCheck out the new Space Time Merch Store!https://pbsspacetime.com/Earth’s magnetic field protects us from deadly space radiation. What if it were drastically weakened, as a precursor to flipping upside down? I mean, it has before … many, many times.. Hosted by Matt O'DowdWritten by Matt O'DowdGraphics by Leonardo ScholzerDirected by: Andrew KornhaberProduced By: Kornhaber BrownSpecial Thanks to Lathrop Lab at University of Maryland: https://complex.umd.edu/Check Out Lathrop Lab's YouTube Channel to learn more about their 3-meter experiment that models the Earth's core:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-nUrQmFR3pFgEVwW0qAURA Spaceship Earth has a literal deflector shield. A geomagnetic field. Lines of magnetic force, forged by currents in the planet’s molten core, erupt from the surface close to the north south geographic poles, connecting to each other to wreath the planet in a dipole field, like a gigantic bar magnet. Magnetic fields exert a force on moving charged particles, causing them to spiral around those force lines. That’s helpful, because Earth is constantly bombarded by very fast moving charged particles, especially coming from the Sun. Our magnetic field deflects the worst of these. Not all planets are so lucky. Mars, with its solid core, has no such shield – and so the red planet’s atmosphere was stripped away by the solar wind billions of years ago.Want Even More Great Space Content? Check out the Exciting Summer of Space Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoFRvPlmME6FOQtdDKyOUzKJiTE6KXsK3Big Bang Supporters:Alexander TamasAnton LifshitsDavid NicklasFabrice EapJuan BenetMorgan HoughQuasar Supporters:Mark HeisingMark RosenthalVinnie FalcoHypernova Supporters:Chuck ZegarDanton SpiveyDonal BotkinEdmund FokschanerHank SJohn HofmannJohn R. SlavikJordan YoungJoseph SalomoneMatthewMatthew O'ConnorSyed AnsarGamma Ray Burst Supporters: Adrien HatchAdrian MolyneuxAlexey EromenkoAndreas NautschBradley JenkinsBrandon LabonteCarlo MogaveroDan WarrenDaniel LyonsDavid BehtalaDFaulkDustan JonesGeoffrey ShortJames FlowersJames QuinteroJohn FunaiJohn PollockJonahJonathan NesfederJoseph DillmanJosh ThomasKevin LeeKevin WarneKyle HoferMalte UblMark VasileNathan HitchingsNicholas NachefskiNick VirtuePaul RoseScott GossettSigurd Ruud FrivikTaras VozniukTim JonesTim StephaniYurii Konovaliukسلطان الخليفي Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices