32. The Birth of the Kingdom of Pamplona

Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana Provide me your email to get notified for my upcoming book: https://subscribepage.io/N3KOMF PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana

Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana Provide me your email to get notified for my upcoming book: https://subscribepage.io/N3KOMF How did the Caliphate of Córdoba fall and fragment into dozens of taifa kingdoms? In Episode 50, I explain the decisive civil war that ended the political and military hegemony of al-Andalus. Among other things, I discuss the revolutionary atmosphere in Córdoba, the Castilian and Catalan expeditions, the siege and ruin of the capital, the formation of the underrated Hammudid Caliphate, and the consequences of the fragmentation of al-Andalus into some thirty states. TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 01:19 Historical Context of the Fitna 03:20 Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo, the Destroyer of Almanzor's Legacy 05:47 The Revolution of Córdoba: The Coup d'État of Muhammad II al-Mahdi 10:24 Al-Mahdi's Loss of Support and the Anti-Berber Pogrom 13:44 The Berber-Castilian Coalition and the Fall of al-Mahdi 17:22 The Catalan Expedition to Córdoba of 1010 and the Battle of Guadiaro 22:25 The Siege of Córdoba, 1010–1013 27:40 Sulayman's Pyrrhic Victory and the Birth of the Taifas 29:06 The Hammudid Caliphate: Al-Andalus's Forgotten Caliphate 33:15 The Hammudid-Umayyad Disputes over Córdoba 38:11 The Expulsion of the Umayyads from Córdoba: The Abolition of the Caliphate and the End of the Fitna? 41:16 Causes and Consequences of the Fitna of the Caliphate of Córdoba 44:12 The Verdict: The Fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba Was Avoidable 45:23 Outro

Episode 49 explains the brief six-year rule of Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar, son and successor of Almanzor. I discuss his military campaigns and the achievements and challenges of his rule between 1002 and 1008. His untimely death was the first step towards the destruction of the Caliphate of Córdoba and the end of Andalusi hegemony and Islam in the Iberian Peninsula. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com Or Twitter/X: https://x.com/newhistoryspain YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:34 Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar's Rise to Power 03:29 Conspiracies Against al-Muzaffar 05:42 The Battle of Albesa and the Campaign of Montmagastre 09:40 The Battle of Torà: Al-Muzaffar's Defeat 13:17 Campaigns Against the Kingdom of León 16:17 The Campaign of Saint Martin 17:54 The Death of al-Muzaffar 20:02 The Verdict: An Assessment of al-Muzaffar's Rule 21:44 Outro

León, Barcelona, and Pamplona: no kingdom was safe from Almanzor's reach. In episode 48 you will discover how he forced kings to their knees and built a military machine that brought al-Andalus to its peak of power. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com Or Twitter/X: https://x.com/newhistoryspain YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:37 Exploiting Christian Division: León, 981–985 03:59 The Barcelona Campaign of 985 08:20 Relentless Pressure on León, 986–995 12:15 The Submission of the Christian Kingdoms 14:50 Almanzor's Military Reform 19:36 The Subh Crisis of 996 24:23 The Santiago de Compostela Campaign of 997 27:47 The Battle of Cervera: When Almanzor Nearly Lost 31:21 Almanzor's Final Campaign and Death 33:28 The Verdict: The Legacy of Almanzor 35:13 Outro

Episode 47 explains the rise to power of Almanzor, the fearsome hajib who became the true ruler of al-Andalus, replacing the Umayyads. I explain how he eliminated various political rivals, what circumstances allowed the usurpation of Umayyad power, and how the Amirid dynasty of Almanzor and his sons was legitimized. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com Or Twitter/X: https://x.com/newhistoryspain YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:45 Almanzor Before His Seizure of Power 03:34 The Decision That Doomed a Dynasty 05:48 The Enthronement of Hisham II of Córdoba 09:51 Almanzor Against al-Mushafi 12:46 The Legitimization of the Amirid Dynasty 18:47 Almanzor Against Ghalib 24:03 The Verdict: An Alternative Succession to al-Hakam II 24:46 Outro