Constitutional Structure: Federal Judicial Power — Judicial Review, Article III, Standing, Ripeness, Mootness, Political Questions, and Judicial Limits
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🎧 EPISODE SUMMARY 🎧 Article III federal judicial power requires specific Cases and Controversies, establishing justiciability doctrines. Marbury v. Madison established judicial review over federal acts and executive actions. Supreme Court review of state court judgments is barred if supported by an adequate and independent state-law ground (AISG). Advisory opinions are strictly prohibited. Standing requires three elements: Injury in fact: Concrete, particularized, and actual/imminent;
Causation: Traceable to defendant; and
Redressability: Remediable by favorable judgment.
Ripeness avoids premature litigation; mootness requires an ongoing controversy. The political-question doctrine bars non-justiciable disputes. Congress can structure jurisdiction but cannot dictate judicial decisions or reopen final judgments. Always confirm jurisdiction and justiciability before addressing constitutional merits.
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