Show Notes
Viral replication is reduced in the lung tissue, but increased in the bronchi. This could indicate increased transmissibility but reduced pathogenicity.
Link for free download of John's two text books, http://159.69.48.3/
Campbell's Pathophysiology Notes, Amazon orders for the UK, https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B012HWC8SU/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_AYC5Q7G3H2B3T4BCHQY0 Campbell's Physiology Notes https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0955379725/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_K0MXMAP26Y77TY4J90FB
First video on my series on the respiratory system, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TB2lA9sFCD0
HKUMed finds Omicron SARS-CoV-2 can infect faster and better than Delta in human bronchus
First information on how Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infect human respiratory tract.
Omicron infects and multiplies 70 times faster than the Delta in human bronchus,
which may explain why Omicron may transmit faster
Omicron infection in the lung is significantly lower than the original SARS-CoV-2,
which may be an indicator of lower disease severity.
This research is currently under peer review for publication.
Pioneered the use of ex vivo cultures of the respiratory tract,
for investigating many emerging virus infections since 2007
Lung tissue removed for treatment of the lung
Dr Chan and his team successfully isolated the Omicron SARS-CoV-2,
and used this experimental to compare infection with the original and Delta variants
24 hours after infection
Omicron variant replicated around 70 times higher than the Delta variant and the original SARS-CoV-2 virus.
In contrast, the Omicron variant replicated less efficiently (more than 10 times lower) in the human lung tissue than the original SARS-CoV-2 virus,
which may suggest lower severity of disease.
Dr Chan
It is important to note that the severity of disease in humans is not determined only by virus replication but also by the host immune response to the infection,
which may lead to dysregulation of the innate immune system, i.e. “cytokine storm”
It is also noted that, by infecting many more people,
a very infectious virus may cause more severe disease and death even though the virus itself may be less pathogenic.
Therefore, taken together with our recent studies showing that the Omicron variant can partially escape immunity from vaccines and past infection,
the overall threat from Omicron variant is likely to be very significant.
Koch's postulates The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease but should not be found in healthy organisms.
The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.
The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.
The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
More from Dr. John Campbell
Monkeypox virus, seldom reported outside African until now, Uploaded 27-07-22https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2207323?emp=marcom&utm_source=nejmlist&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=aomev2&utm_content=version-a&ssotoken=U2FsdGVkX19dsxXEVZT5ggLZ3zieDxejeViMkwTigM4Q7ECfBTJmfTXUrKWkbZ3up0jDhhQjYR6OydzgkC%2F1LL8S5l7OuFDLsP2LiBwfKJ3ymNN4hp0Z%2FNASEYMuetIqeQIQ9ETL8BABCQut7e8xEQeWPlduFdyPMYgAugUePHtSEs5rFR%2BGWfFOCIPZs9Wb7aJf%2FyzhvvLSrzqDKmNt4Q%3D%3D&cid=DM1289135_Notable_Articles_Engaged&bid=1085207852Endemic in AfricaCases now worldwideMETHODSFormed an international collaborative group,international case series, presentation, clinical course, outcomes of PCR confirmed infectionsRESULTSWe report 528 infections diagnosed between April 27 to June 24, 2022Cases, 528, at 43 sites in 16 countries98% in gay or bisexual men, 75% were White, 41% had HIVmedian age 38Transmission suspected to have occurred through sexual activity95% of casesPresentation in this series95% rash (with 64% having less than 10 lesions)73% anogenital lesions41% had mucosal lesions(with 54 having a single genital lesion)Common systemic features preceding the rashfever (62%)lethargy (41%)myalgia (31%)headache (27%)lymphadenopathy (56%)Concomitant sexually transmitted infections109 of 377 (29%)Among the 23 people with a clear exposure historymedian incubation period, 7 days (range, 3 to 20)Monkeypox virus DNADetected in 29 of the 32 (in whom seminal fluid was analyzed)ManagementAntiviral treatment given to 5% of cases70 (13%) were hospitalizedMostly for pain managementsevere anorectal pain (21)soft-tissue superinfection (18)pharyngitis limiting oral intake (5)eye lesions (2)acute kidney injury (2)myocarditis (2)infection-control purposes (13)No deaths were reportedCONCLUSIONSMonkeypox manifested with a variety of dermatologic and systemic clinical findings. Need for rapid identification and diagnosis of cases to contain further community spread. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Detection of Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Human Breast MilkUploaded 08-10-22https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2796427?guestAccessKey=1c13d17c-1c25-4828-b261-9f321e5126a1&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social_jamapeds&utm_term=7701881843&utm_campaign=article_alert&linkId=183092079JAMA Pediatrics(September 26, 2022)Initial messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine clinical trials excluded several vulnerable groups, young children and lactating individualsCurrent FDA website, re children over 6 monthshttps://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-moderna-and-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccines-childrenToday, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized emergency use of the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine,and the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine,for the prevention of COVID-19 to include use in children down to 6 months of age. From the JAMA paperThe US Food and Drug Administration deferred the decision to authorize COVID-19 mRNA vaccines for infants younger than 6 months,until more data are available,because of the potential priming of the children’s immune responses that may alter their immunityThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, re breast feeding mothershttps://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/pregnancy.htmlCOVID-19 vaccination is recommended for all people 6 months and older. This includes people who are pregnant, breastfeeding, trying to get pregnant now, or might become pregnant in the future. Back to the JAMA studyThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends offering the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines to breastfeeding individualsalthough the possible passage of vaccine mRNAs in breast milk resulting in infants’ exposure at younger than 6 months was not investigated. This study investigated whether the COVID-19 vaccine mRNA can be detected in the expressed breast milk (EBM) of lactating individualsreceiving the vaccination within 6 months after delivery.N =11Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine (n = 5)Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine (n = 6)Samples of EBM were collected before vaccination (control),and for 5 days postvaccination. 131 EBM samples were collected(1 hour to 5 days after vaccine administration)The presence of COVID-19 vaccine mRNA in different milk fractionsassayed using 2-step quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. ResultsTrace amounts of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were detected in 7 samples from 5 different participants,at various times up to 45 hours postvaccinationNo vaccine mRNA was detected in prevaccinationDiscussionThe sporadic presence and trace quantities of COVID-19 vaccine mRNA detected in EBM suggest that breastfeeding after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination is safe,particularly beyond 48 hours after vaccination. These data demonstrate for the first time the biodistribution of COVID-19 vaccine mRNA to mammary cells,and the potential ability of tissue EVs to package the vaccine mRNA that can be transported to distant cells. In ratshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168365915300535?via%3DihubUp to 3 days following intramuscular administration, low vaccine mRNA levels were detected in the heart, lung, testis, and brain tissues, indicating tissue biodistributionVaccine administration ---- lipid nanoparticles containing the vaccine mRNA ----- mammary glands (hematogenous and/or lymphatic routes)Vaccine mRNA released into mammary cell cytosol ---- recruited into developing EVs ------ secreted in EBMCaution is warranted about breastfeeding children younger than 6 months in the first 48 hours after maternal vaccination until more safety studies are conducted. COVID-19 medical misinformation policyhttps://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9891785Claims about COVID-19 vaccinat Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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