Show Notes
1. Describe the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Developmental disorder Risk factors Diagnosis
2. Identify signs and symptoms associated with ASD. Impaired social functioning Impaired language development Stereotypical behaviors Self-mutilation Increased aggression in adolescence
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Understand the etiology and pathophysiology of ChronicKidney Disease (CKD) • What is CKD? • High risk groups • Stages of CKD 9. Recognize the clinical manifestations associated with CKD • Clinical manifestations of chronic uremia affecting bodily systems.
1. Review the structures and functions of thekidney. • Functionsof the nephron • Functionsof the kidneys 2. Understand the etiology and pathophysiology ofAcute Kidney Injury (AKI). Common causes of AKI • Prerenal • Intrarenal • Postrenal 3. Describethe clinical manifestations associated with AKI. Manifestations associated with: • Prerenal • Intrarenal • Postrenal Manifestations associated with the phases of acute tubularnecrosis (ATN): • Initiationphase • Maintenancephase • Recoveryphase 4. Understandthe diagnostic studies associated with AKI. • Urinalysis • Renalultrasound • Renalscan • Computedtomography (CT) • Retrogradepyelogram • Bloodwork (serum Cr, BUN, electrolytes) 5. Understandthe treatment modalities and interventions in AKI. • Treatmentof precipitating cause • Fluidrestrictions • Crystalloids • Nutritiontherapy • Treatmentsof hyperkalemia (including pharmacotherapy) • Calciumsupplements or phosphate-binding agents • Totalparenteral nutrition (if indicated) • Enteralnutrition (if indicated) • Renalreplacement therapy (RRT) (if indicated) 6. Understandpharmacological interventions in AKI. • Antihypertensives • Diuretics • Treatmentsof hyperkalemia • Calciumsupplements or phosphate-binding agents 7. Apply thenursing process in patients with AKI. • Nursingassessment (including nursing diagnoses) • Planning/goals • Nursingintervention • Evaluation
1. Understand the mechanism of breathing. Pressure relationships in the thoracic cavity: • intrapulmonarypressure • intrapleuralpressure • importanceof negative pressure in intrapleural space
1. Define chest trauma. 2. Identify the causes of chest injury. • Planned-Surgical • Unplanned accidents 3. Identify the common types of planned chest surgery. • Thoracotomy • Pneumonectomy • Lobectomy • Wide resection • Segmental resection 4. Describe classifications of chest trauma. Penetrating Non-penetrating 5. Understand the methods of assessing chest trauma. Initial Assessment ABCs History Physical Examination Chest x-ray Laboratory tests ABGs ECG 6. Understand the complications of severe chest trauma. Pneumothorax Open pneumothorax Mediastinal flutter Tension Pneumothorax and mediastinal shift Hemothorax Fractured ribs Flail chest