The Boundary Between Black Holes & Neutron Stars

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Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACEUploaded 09-05-18The great advances in any science tend to come in sudden leaps. April 25th of 2018 marks the beginning of just such a leap for much of astronomy. In the early hours of the morning, the Gaia mission’s second data release dropped. Our understanding of our own galaxy will never be the same again.You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeGet your own Space Time t­-shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBiTweet at us! @pbsspacetimeFacebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetimeEmail us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] comComment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetimeHelp translate our videos!https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7gPrevious Episode:The Star at the End of Timehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iWGtQ03OZMThe Gaia satellite was launched in late 2013, entirely built and operated by the European Space Agency. It’s primary goal is to map the stars of the Milky Way with a scale and precision orders of magnitude greater than ever before. Gaia’s predecessor, Hipparcos, catalogued 120 thousand stars, Gaia blows it out of the water with positions, colors and brightnesses of nearly 1.7 billion stars. Gaia can see orders of magnitude fainter and further away than previous missions. But its greatest superpower is its precise astrometry – Gaia can pin down a star’s position to the equivalent of a human hair’s width at 1000 km. That’s one-to-two thousand times smaller than the resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope. Hosted by Matt O'DowdWritten by Drew Rosen and Matt O'DowdGraphics by Grayson BlackmonAssistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow and Linda HuangMade by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big BangCoolAsCatsDavid NicklasAnton LifshitsJoey RednerFabrice EapQuasarTambe BarsbayMayank M. MehrotaMars YenturMark RosenthalDean FuquaRoman PinchukColeslawPurdieHypernovaEdmund FokschanerMatthew O’ConnorEugene LawsonBarry HatfieldMartha HuntJoseph SalomoneChuck ZegarCraig PetersonJordan YoungRatfeastJohn HofmannThanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: James HughesFabian OlesenKris FernetJane MeyersJames FlowersGreg AllenDenys IvanovNick VirtueAlexey EromenkoNicholas RoseScott GossettMark VasilePatrick MurraySultan AlkhulaifiAlex SetoMichal-Peanut KarmiErik SteinKevin WarneJJ BagnellAvi GoldfingerJohn PettitFlorian StinglmayrBenoit Pagé-GuitardNathan LenizBrandon LabonteDavid CraneGreg WeissShannan CatalanoBrandon Cook Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE↓ More info below ↓Uploaded 28-03-19Of all the unlikely ends of the universe, the Big Rip has to be the most spectacular. Galaxies ripped to shreds, dogs and cat first living together, then tragically separated by the infinitely accelerating expansion of space on subatomic scales. Good thing it's not going to happen. Or is it?Check out the new Space Time Merch Store!https://pbsspacetime.com/Support Space Time on Patreonhttps://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime#bigrip #endoftheuniverse #spacetimeLearn More About Dark Energy Here:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...Hosted by Matt O'DowdWritten by Matt O'DowdGraphics by Aaron HalevyDirecting by Andrew KornhaberThe universe is expanding, and that expansion is accelerating. We don’t know what’s causing that acceleration, but that hasn’t stopped us from giving it a name. We call this unknown influence dark energy. The observed acceleration is, for the most part, nicely described with a constant density of dark energy – the same amount of this stuff in every block of space. Which means if you increase the volume you increase the overall amount of dark energy – hence accelerating expansion. Mathematically we describe a constant energy density with the cosmological constant in the equations of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. But what if dark energy is NOT constant? What if the energy density in each patch of space increases over time? In that case, the acceleration itself could be … accelerating. That would be bad.Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang:Anton LifshitscoolascatsDavid NicklasFabrice EapJuan BenetJustin LloydTim DavisQuasar:James FlowersMark RosenthalTambe BarsbayVinnie FalcoHypernova: chuck zegarDanton SpiveyDonal BotkinEdmund FokschanerJens TheisenJohn HofmannJordan YoungJoseph SalomonekkmMark HeisingMatthew O'ConnorThanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Alexey EromenkoAntonio RuizBradley JenkinsBrandon LabonteBuruk AregawiCarlo MogaveroDaniel LyonsDavid BehtalaDavid CraneDavid SchmidtDustan JonesGeoffrey ShortGreg WeissJack FroschJames HughesJames QuinteroJinal DoshiJJ BagnellJohn WebberJon FolksJonahJoseph EmisonJosh ThomasKenneth F LeonardKevin WarneKyle HoferMalte UblMark VasileNathan HitchingsNicholas RoseNick VirtueRatfeastRichard BromanScott GossettSigurd Ruud FrivikTim CrookhamTim StephaniTommy Mogensenسلطان الخليفيAnd a round of applause to Andreas Nautsch. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

You can learn more about CuriosityStream at https://curiositystream.com/spacetimeUploaded 20-02-19PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACECheck out the new Space Time Merch Store!https://pbsspacetime.com/Support Space Time on Patreonhttps://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeHook up an old antenna to your TV and scan between channels. The static buzz you hear is mostly due to the ambient radio produced by our noisy pre-galactic civilization. But around one percent of that buzz is something very different – it’s the cosmic microwave background radiation – the remnant of the heat-glow released when the hot, dense early universe became transparent for the first time. It sound likes random static, but that buzz contains an incredible wealth of hidden information. It holds the secrets of the universe’s fiery beginning, Tweet at us! @pbsspacetimeFacebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetimeEmail us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] comComment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetimeHelp translate our videos!https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_csSound Waves from the Beginning of Timehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPpUxoeooZkHosted by Matt O'DowdWritten by Matt O'DowdGraphics by Luke MaroldiDirecting by Andrew KornhaberIt’s not surprising that scientists have spent half a century and built multiple satellites to unlock the mysteries of the cosmic microwave background. We’ve delved into its nature before – from its formation 380,000 years after the Big Bang, to its 1964 discovery by Penzias and Wilson with the Holmdel Horn Antenna, to its increasingly accurate mapping across the sky with ever-better satellites. It all culminated in this – the Planck satellite’s map of the CMB.Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang:Anton LifshitscoolascatsDavid NicklasFabrice EapJuan BenetJustin LloydTim DavisQuasar:James FlowersMark RosenthalTambe BarsbayVinnie FalcoHypernova: chuck zegarDanton SpiveyDonal BotkinEdmund FokschanerJens TheisenJohn HofmannJordan YoungJoseph SalomonekkmMark HeisingMatthew O'ConnorThanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Alexey EromenkoAntonio RuizBradley JenkinsBrandon LabonteBuruk AregawiCarlo MogaveroDaniel LyonsDavid BehtalaDavid CraneDavid SchmidtDustan JonesGeoffrey ShortGreg WeissJack FroschJames HughesJames QuinteroJinal DoshiJJ BagnellJohn WebberJon FolksJonahJoseph EmisonJosh ThomasKenneth F LeonardKevin WarneKyle HoferMalte UblMark VasileNathan HitchingsNicholas RoseNick VirtueRatfeastRichard BromanScott GossettSigurd Ruud FrivikTim CrookhamTim StephaniTommy Mogensenسلطان الخليفي Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE↓ More info below ↓Uploaded 07-04-21Support Us On https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeWhen a theory makes a prediction that disagrees with an experimental test, sometimes it means we should throw the theory away. But what if that theory has otherwise produced the most successful predictions in all of physics? Then, that little glitch may be pointing the way to layers of physics deeper than we've yet imagined. Well, FermiLabs Muon G-2 experiment has been chasing the most promising glitch of all, and they've just announced their results.Announcement Resultshttps://theory.fnal.gov/events/event/first-results-from-the-muon-g-2-experiment-at-fermilabPrevious Episode of Space Time To Help Understand Muon G-2:Quantum Mechanics Most Incredible Predictionhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7UwigY4SjKY&ab_channel=PBSSpaceTimeMuon g-2 Playlisthttps://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLsPUh22kYmNBpDZPejCHGzxyfgitj26w9Check out the Space Time Merch Storehttps://www.pbsspacetime.com/shopHosted by Matt O'DowdWritten by Dan Garisto and Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal and Stephanie FariaGFX Visualizations: Katherine KorneiDirected by Andrew KornhaberAssistant Producer: Setare GholipourExecutive Producers: Eric Brown and Andrew KornhaberEnd Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0QSign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetimeBig BangLeo KoguanRick DeWittSandy WuMatthew MillerBrodie RaoScott GrayAhmad JodehRadu NegulescuAlexander TamasMorgan HoughJuan BenetVinnie FalcoFabrice EapMark RosenthalDavid Nicklas Quasar SupporterHank SChristina OegrenMark Heising Hypernova Supporterwilliam bryanScott GorlickNick BerardPaul Stehr-GreenMuOn MarketingRussell PopeBen DeloL. Wayne AusbrooksNicholas NewlinAdrian PosorАнтон КочковJohn R. SlavikMathewDanton SpiveyDonal BotkinJohn PollockEdmund FokschanerJoseph Salomonechuck zegarJordan Youngm0nkJohn HofmannTimothy McCullochGamma Ray Burst SupportersThe Mad MechanicJuan David Gil WiedmanEllis HallAlexey KamenskiyJohn H. Austin, Jr.Andrew MacleodDiana SDouglas DraneBen CampbellLawrence Tholl, DVMFaraz KhanAlmog CohenAlex EdwardsNickÁdám KettingerSylvain LeducAnthony KahngMD3Endre PechDaniel JenningsCameron SampsonPratik MukherjeeGeoffrey ClarionNateDarren DuncanRuss CreechJeremy ReedDerek DavisEric WebsterSteven SartoreDavid JohnstonJ. KingMichael BartonChristopher BarronJames RamseyDrew HartJustin JermynMr TAndrew MannJeremiah Johnsonfieldsa eleanoryPeter MertzKevin O'ConnellIsaac SuttellDevon RosenthalOliver FlanaganDawn M FinkBleys GoodsonDarryl J LyleRobert WalterBruce BIsmael MontecelSimon OliphantMirik GogriMark Daniel CohenBrandon LattinNickolas Andrew FreemanShane CalimlimTybie FitzhughRobert IlardiAstaurusEric KieblerCraig StonahaMartin SkansMichael ConroyGraydon GossFrederic SimonTonyfaceJohn RobinsonA GKevin LeeAdrian HatchYurii KonovaliukJohn FunaiCass CostelloGeoffrey ShortTristan DelocheBradley JenkinsKyle HoferTim StephaniLuaanAlecZeroVlad ShipulinCodyMalte UblKing ZeckendorffNick VirtueScott GossettMartin J LollarDan WarrenPatrick SuttonJohn GriffithDaniel LyonsDFaulkGrowingVioletKevin WarneAndreas NautschBrandon labontewilliam bryan Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices