Summary
Payday bars express a desire for simplicity in candy, emphasizing their combination of salty peanuts and sweet caramel without the need for excessive toppings or layers. This straightforward approach is highlighted as a refreshing alternative in the crowded candy market.
The discussion shifts to the concept of Dyson spheres, a theoretical structure designed to harness energy from stars. The origins of the idea trace back to Freeman Dyson, who proposed a loose collection of objects surrounding a star rather than a solid sphere, which is deemed mechanically impossible due to the immense gravitational forces involved. The challenges of constructing such a structure include the need for extraordinarily strong materials and the gravitational stability required to keep the star and the sphere aligned.
Further exploration reveals that while solid Dyson spheres face significant engineering hurdles, alternative designs, such as thin swarms or rings, could potentially overcome these issues. The conversation also touches on the implications of Dyson spheres for advanced civilizations, particularly in terms of energy consumption and computational capabilities, suggesting that these structures could serve as powerful supercomputers. The discussion concludes with the notion that, despite the challenges, the construction of Dyson spheres is not fundamentally prohibited by the laws of physics, leaving open the possibility for future exploration and innovation in this area.
Show Notes
Use code coolworlds at https://incogni.com/coolworlds to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan.The idea of Dyson Spheres was a radical proposal by the physicist Freeman Dyson, an enormous shell of material enveloping a star. Dyson's idea may be over half a century old, but interest in looking for such objects has only grown in the decades since. But how would such structures work? Are they physically even possible? And what might someone use them for? Today, we dive into the physics of Dyson spheres.Written & presented by Prof. David Kipping. Edited by Jorge Casas. Special thanks to Jason Wright for fact checking.→ Support our research: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get merch: https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-store→ Check out our podcast: www.youtube.com/@CoolWorldsPodcastTHANK-YOU to T. Widdowson, D. Smith, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, S. Brownlee, E. West, T. Zajonc, A. De Vaal, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, J. Rockett, D. Murphree, M. Sanford, T. Donkin, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, R. Ramezankhani, J. Armstrong, S. Marks, B. Smith, J. Kruger, S. Applegate, E. Zahnle, N. Gebben, J. Bergman, C. Macdonald, M. Hedlund, P. Kaup, W. Evans, N. Corwin, K. Howard, L. Deacon, G. Metts, R. Provost, G. Fullwood, N. De Haan, R. Williams, E. Garland, R. Lovely, A. Cornejo, D. Compos, F. Demopoulos, G. Bylinsky, J. Werner, S. Thayer, T. Edris, F. Blood, M. O'Brien, D. Lee, J. Sargent, M. Czirr, F. Krotzer, I. Williams, J. Sattler, B. Reese, O. Shabtay, X. Yao, S. Saverys, A. Nimmerjahn, C. Seay, D. Johnson, L. Cunningham, M. Morrow, M. Campbell, B. Devermont, Y. Muheim, A. Stark, C. Caminero, P. Borisoff, A. Donovan & H. Schiff.REFERENCES► Wright, J. 2020, "Dyson Spheres", Serbian Astronomical Journal, 200, 1: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.16734► Dyson, F. 1960, "Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infrared Radiation", Science, 131, 1667: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1960Sci...131.1667D► Dyson, F. 1960, Science, 132, 250► NASA IRB JWST Report 2018: https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/webb_irb_report_and_response_0.pdf?emrc=d3ca32► Papagiannis, M. D. 1985, "SETI - a look into the future.", The search for extraterrestrial life: recent development, 543: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985IAUS..112..543P► Scoggins, M. & Kipping, D. 2023, "Lazarus stars: numerical investigations of stellar evolution with star-lifting as a life extension strategy", MNRAS, 523, 3251: https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.02338MUSICLicensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], Artlist.io, via CC Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) or with permission from the artist.0:34 Tamuz Dekel - Quiet Pull3:05 We Dream of Eden - Discovery4:23 Hill - World of Wonder [https://open.spotify.com/track/7kYX7Gq7wWwGwvZbMfu9Qv]6:28 Chris Zabriskie - Music from Neptune Flux 048:59 Hill - Arctic Warmth11:54 Hill - Northern Borders15:13 Hill - Fragile17:45 Indive - Trace CorrectionCHAPTERS0:00 Prologue0:39 Inception3:11 Incogni4:27 Mechanical Stability8:31 Gravitational Stability11:08 Stellar Feedback13:42 Computational Limits16:23 Rings and Swarms17:45 Outro and Credits#DysonSphere #Astronomy #CoolWorlds Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
More from Cool Worlds
Use code coolworlds at https://incogni.com/coolworlds to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan.NASA is the primary means through which US astronomy is funded, which in turn leads astronomy globally. But significant cuts to NASA this year are hurting programs across the board, and many worry that the future looks grim for NASA's astronomy programs due to two growing problems on its horizon. Join us as we explore what's happening and what you can do.Written & presented by Prof. David Kipping. Special thanks to Grant Tremblay for useful information in preparing this video.→ Head to www.SaveChandra.org for information on how to save NASA's Chandra telescope→ Support our research: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get merch: https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-store→ Check out our podcast: www.youtube.com/@CoolWorldsPodcastTHANK-YOU to D. Smith, M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, N. Kildal, Z. Star, E. West, T. Zajonc, C. Wolfred, L. Skov, G. Benson, A. De Vaal, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, J. Rockett, D. Murphree, M. Sanford, T. Donkin, K. Myers, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, J. Black, R. Ramezankhani, J. Armstrong, K. Weber, S. Marks, L. Robinson, S. Roulier, B. Smith, J. Cassese, J. Kruger, S. Way, P. Finch, S. Applegate, L. Watson, E. Zahnle, N. Gebben, J. Bergman, E. Dessoi, C. Macdonald, M. Hedlund, P. Kaup, C. Hays, W. Evans, D. Bansal, J. Curtin, J. Sturm, RAND Corp., M. Donovan, N. Corwin, M. Mangione, K. Howard, L. Deacon, G. Metts, R. Provost, B. Sigurjonsson, G. Fullwood, B. Walford, J. Boyd, N. De Haan, J. Gillmer, R. Williams, E. Garland, A. Leishman, A. Phan Le, R. Lovely, M. Spoto, A. Steele, K. Yarbrough, A. Cornejo, D. Compos, F. Demopoulos, G. Bylinsky, J. Werner, B. Pearson, S. Thayer, T. Edris, B. Seeley, F. Blood, M. O'Brien, P. Muzyka, D. Lee, J. Sargent, M. Czirr, F. Krotzer, I. Williams, J. Sattler, J. Smallbon, B. Reese, J. Yoder, O. Shabtay, X. Yao, S. Saverys, M. Pittelli, A. Nimmerjahn, C. Seay, D. Johnson, L. Cunningham, M. Morrow, M. Campbell, R. Strain, B. Devermont, Y. Muheim & A. Stark.REFERENCES► NASA budget figures spreadsheet: https://t.co/kt8pE0anCT► Rasmussen, S. 2023, "Has the Last Great Space Observatory Already Launched?", Scientific American: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/has-the-last-great-space-observatory-already-launched/► HST & Beyond Committee Report 1996: https://www.stsci.edu/stsci/org/hst-and-beyond-report.pdf► NASA IRB JWST Report 2018: https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/webb_irb_report_and_response_0.pdf?emrc=d3ca32► Reichhardt, T. 2006, "Is the next big thing too big?", Nature: https://www.nature.com/articles/440140a► Elvis, M. 2016, "What Can Space Resources do for Astronomy and Planetary Science?", Space Policy, 37, 65: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.01004► Van Belle, G., 2021, "The Scaling Relationship Between Telescope Cost and Aperture Size for VeryLarge Telescopes", Proceedings of the SPIE, 5489, 563: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.09605MUSICLicensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], Artlist.io, via CC Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) or with permission from the artist.0:00 Hill - A Slowly Lifting Fog3:36 Hill - Unhurried5:58 Chris Zabriskie - Music From Neptune Flux 48:29 Hill - World of Wonder11:18 Falls - Life in Binary15:27 Chris Zabriskie - Music From Neptune Flux 118;24 Joachim Heinrich - Y20:42 Indive - FusionCHAPTERS0:00 Astronomy Funding5:58 Incogni7:18 Crisis Ahead20:42 Outro & Credits#NASA #Astronomy #CoolWorlds Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
New research paper from the Cool Worlds Lab! Today we explore the implications of a classic result in statistics but applied to alien life for the first time. The result implies a startling conclusion, the cosmos is either teeming with intelligent civilizations, or we're essentially alone. Join us today as explore how this works and what the implications might be.Written & presented by Prof. David Kipping.→ Support our research: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get merch: https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-store→ Check out our podcast: www.youtube.com/@CoolWorldsPodcastTHANK-YOU to D. Smith, M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, N. Kildal, Z. Star, E. West, T. Zajonc, C. Wolfred, L. Skov, G. Benson, A. De Vaal, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, J. Rockett, D. Murphree, M. Sanford, T. Donkin, K. Myers, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, J. Black, R. Ramezankhani, J. Armstrong, K. Weber, S. Marks, L. Robinson, S. Roulier, B. Smith, J. Cassese, J. Kruger, S. Way, P. Finch, S. Applegate, L. Watson, E. Zahnle, N. Gebben, J. Bergman, E. Dessoi, C. Macdonald, M. Hedlund, P. Kaup, C. Hays, W. Evans, D. Bansal, J. Curtin, J. Sturm, RAND Corp., M. Donovan, N. Corwin, M. Mangione, K. Howard, L. Deacon, G. Metts, R. Provost, B. Sigurjonsson, G. Fullwood, B. Walford, J. Boyd, N. De Haan, J. Gillmer, R. Williams, E. Garland, A. Leishman, A. Phan Le, R. Lovely, M. Spoto, A. Steele, K. Yarbrough, A. Cornejo, D. Compos, F. Demopoulos, G. Bylinsky, J. Werner, B. Pearson, S. Thayer, T. Edris, B. Seeley, F. Blood, M. O'Brien, P. Muzyka, D. Lee, J. Sargent, M. Czirr, F. Krotzer, I. Williams, J. Sattler, J. Smallbon, B. Reese, J. Yoder, O. Shabtay, X. Yao, S. Saverys, M. Pittelli, A. Nimmerjahn, C. Seay, D. Johnson, L. Cunningham, M. Morrow, M. Campbell, R. Strain, B. Devermont, Y. Muheim & A. Stark.REFERENCES► Kipping & Geraint 2024, "Do SETI Optimists Have a Fine-Tuning Problem?", International Journal of Astrobiology, submitted (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OxsjoOm8yJA7V3Yn_qt_sKshX8EYGT9U)► Jaynes 1968, "Prior Probabilities", IEEE Transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics , 4, 227: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4082152CHAPTERS0:00 Aliens!1:00 Jaynes' Experiment3:33 What about Drake?6:31 Birth-Death Balance9:51 Bridging to Jaynes11:04 Challenging the Optimists13:17 Just Sample More Stars?15:39 Disequilibria17:22 The Case for SETI19:31 Outro & Credits#Aliens #AreWeAlone #CoolWorlds Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Many exoplanets, including hot-Jupiters, have been observed to orbit the star the wrong way round, in retrograde orbits relative to the star's rotation. Prof. Smadar Naoz from UCLA visited the Cool Worlds Lab and explained why this is so odd and how we might explain these bizarre observation.::More about this Video::► Prof Smadar Naoz homepage: http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~snaoz/► Simulation video of planet-planet scattering, credit Trent Schindler / National Science Foundation: http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/04/13_planet.shtml► Galaxy simulation (showing conservation of angular momentum) by Rob Crain (Leiden) and the Virgo Consortium, visualization by Rob Crain (Leiden) and Jim Geach (Hertfordshire)► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk::Playlists For Channel::Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorldsCool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearchGuest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuestsQ&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQAScience of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies::Follow us::SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribeCool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.eduTwitter https://twitter.com/david_kippingInstagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worldsTHANKS FOR WATCHING!! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Some startling discoveries from JWST and now Euclid and shaking up our ideas of planet formation and evolution - free floating worlds that really tax our current theories and could be just the tip of the iceberg. Join us today as we explore a "jumbo" mystery that's recently emerged in astronomy...Written & presented by Prof. David Kipping.→ Support our research: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get merch: https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-store→ Check out our podcast: www.youtube.com/@CoolWorldsPodcastTHANK-YOU to T. Widdowson, D. Smith, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, S. Brownlee, E. West, T. Zajonc, A. De Vaal, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, J. Rockett, D. Murphree, M. Sanford, T. Donkin, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, R. Ramezankhani, J. Armstrong, S. Marks, B. Smith, J. Kruger, S. Applegate, E. Zahnle, N. Gebben, J. Bergman, C. Macdonald, M. Hedlund, P. Kaup, W. Evans, RAND Corp., N. Corwin, K. Howard, G. Metts, R. Provost, G. Fullwood, N. De Haan, R. Williams, E. Garland, R. Lovely, A. Cornejo, D. Compos, F. Demopoulos, G. Bylinsky, J. Werner, S. Thayer, T. Edris, F. Blood, M. O'Brien, D. Lee, J. Sargent, M. Czirr, F. Krotzer, I. Williams, J. Sattler, B. Reese, O. Shabtay, X. Yao, S. Saverys, A. Nimmerjahn, C. Seay, D. Johnson, L. Cunningham, M. Morrow, M. Campbell, B. Devermont, Y. Muheim, A. Stark, C. Caminero & P. Borisoff.REFERENCES► McCaughrean, M. J. & Pearson, S. G. 2023, "A JWST survey of the Trapezium Cluster & inner Orion Nebula. I. Observations & overview": https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.03552► Pearson, S. G. & McCaughrean, M. J. 2023, "Jupiter Mass Binary Objects in the Trapezium Cluster": https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.01231► Wang, Y., Perna, R., Zhu, Z. 2024, "Floating binary planets from ejections during close stellar encounters", https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.06016► Zwart, S. P. & Hochart, E. 2023, "The origin and evolution of wide Jupiter Mass Binary Objects in young stellar clusters": https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.04645MUSICLicensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], Artlist.io, via CC Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) or with permission from the artist.0:00 Hill - There is but One Good [https://open.spotify.com/track/1vlxAsmQaHJo1HyvYJF770]3:39 Falls - Life in Binary5:10 Hill - Circle10:13 Chris Zabriskie - The Sun is Scheduled to Come Out Tomorrow13:23 Indive - Trace CorrectionCHAPTERS0:00 Free Floating Planets3:39 YT Premium5:10 Seeking Rogue Worlds7:12 A Binary Headache13:23 Outro & Credits#Astronomy #JWST #CoolWorlds Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Quantum entanglement allows particles to affect one another faster than the speed of light. So does this mean we could one day build a device to exploit this and enable superluminal communication? A popular trope in sci-fi for sure, but today let's look at the science.Presented by Prof David Kipping (Columbia). Special thanks to Prof. Ehud Altman (Berkeley), Prof Tim Byrnes (NYU) & Prof. Raquel Queiroz (Columbia) for fact checking our script.→ Support our research program: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get Stash here! https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-storeTHANK-YOU to our supporters D. Smith, M. Sloan, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, N. Kildal, Z. Star, E. West, T. Zajonc, C. Wolfred, L. Skov, G. Benson, A. De Vaal, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, M. Forbes, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, H. Jensen, J. Rockett, N. Fredrickson, D. Holland, E. Hanway, D. Murphree, S. Hannum, T. Donkin, K. Myers, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, J. Black, R. Ramezankhani, J. Armstrong, K. Weber, S. Marks, L. Robinson, F. Van Exter, S. Roulier, B. Smith, P. Masterson, R. Sievers, G. Canterbury, J. Kill, J. Cassese, J. Kruger, S. Way, P. Finch, S. Applegate, L. Watson, T. Wheeler, E. Zahnle, N. Gebben, J. Bergman, E. Dessoi, J. Alexander, C. Macdonald, M. Hedlund, P. Kaup, C. Hays, S. Krasner, W. Evans, D. Bansal, J. Curtin, J. Sturm, RAND Corp., I. Attard, M. Donovan, N. Corwin, M. Mangione, K. Howard, L. Deacon, G. Metts, G. Genova, R. Provost, B. Sigurjonsson, G. Fullwood, T. Mitchum, B. Walford, J. Boyd, J. Quayle, & N. De Haan.::References::► Gisin (2014), "Quantum measurement of spins and magnets, and the classical limit of PR-boxes", : https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.8122► Pawlowski et al. (2009), "Information causality as a physical principle", Nature, 461, 1101: https://arxiv.org/abs/0905.2292► Einstein et al. (1935), "Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?", PhysRev, 47, 777: https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.47.777► Salart et al. (208), "Testing spooky action at a distance", Nature, 454, 861: https://arxiv.org/abs/0808.3316::Further video resources::► "Why You Can't Use Quantum Mechanics to Communicate Faster Than Light?" by Looking Glass Universe https://youtu.be/0xI2oNEc1Sw► "The puzzling tension between faster-than-light communication and quantum mechanics" by NYU Quantum Technology Lab: https://youtu.be/5tlSkdzIi_c::Music::Music licensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], or via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), or with permission from the artist► Brad Hill - When Darkness is No Longer Dark (0:00) [https://open.spotify.com/track/2hU8LyGpcdB4h0HW05PMxb]► Chris Zabriskie - Cylinder Five (2:09)► Falls - Life in Binary (5:09)► Falls - Ripley (10:05)► Chris Zabriskie - Cylinder Four (13:24)► Brad Hill - There Is but One Good (16:10) [https://open.spotify.com/album/4pmiXcyRpPlFjWjb45pYLx0]► Chris Zabriskie - The Sun Is Scheduled To Come Out Again Tomorrow (22:20)► Brad Hill - At Sunrise (25:33) [https://open.spotify.com/album/3l3efyjYt1QK6dZtzGplPW]► Indive - Trace Correction (28:11)::Film/TV clips used::► Moonfall (Lionsgate)► Passengers (Sony Pictures Releasing)► Mankind: The Story of All of Us (History Channel) ► Foundation (Apple Inc.)► Interstellar (Paramount Pictures) ► Contact (Warner Bros.) ► Arrival (Paramount Pictures)► Back to the Future (Universal Pictures)► Avatar (20th Century Fox)► Mass Effect 2 (Bioware)► The Matrix (Warner Bros.)► Star Trek: The Next Generation (Paramount Television)► Star Wars: the Last Jedi (Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures)► Genius (National Geographic) ► Star Trek (Paramount Television) ► Star Trek: The Motion Picture (Paramount Pictures) ::Chapters:: Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices