Experiment: Filtration Lab

MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024Instructor: Gian Paolo BerettaUploaded 05-12-24View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2ilThis lecture covers: Reversible process. Statement of the Second Law. Adiabatic availability. Mutual equilibrium. Temperature of a thermal reservoir. Definition of entropy. Entropy balance. Available energy. Maximum entropy principle. Fundamental stable equilibrium relation.Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec02_pdf/Key moments:00:00:00 - Introduction00:00:22 - Review: Course Objectives: Part I00:00:42 - The Loaded Meaning of the Word System00:01:56 - The Loaded Meaning of the Word Property00:02:24 - What Exactly Do We Mean by the Word State?00:02:44 - General Laws of Time Evolution00:03:54 - Time Evolution, Interactions, Process00:04:20 - Definition of Weight Process00:04:40 - Main Consequence of the First Law: Energy00:05:54 - Energy Balance Equation00:07:01 - States: Steady/Unsteady/Equilibrium/Nonequilibrium00:07:24 - Equilibrium States: Unstable/Metastable/Stable00:08:16 - Hatsopoulos-Keenan Statement of the Second Law00:09:44 - Consequences of First and Second Law together 00:10:45 - Theorem: Kelvin-Planck Statement of the Second Law00:16:20 - Proof of the Kelvin-Planck Statement00:18:39 - What Exactly Do We Mean by Reversible Process?00:22:40 - Second Part of the Statement of the Second Law00:24:03 - Definition of Adiabatic Availability00:30:25 - Criterion for Reversibility of a Weight Process00:34:23 - Mutual Equilibrium and Thermal Reservoir00:41:05 - Feasibility of Standard Reversible Weight Process00:47:30 - Definition of Temperature of a Thermal Reservoir00:54:49 - Definition of Property Entropy00:57:32 - Available Energy w.r.to a Thermal Reservoir01:04:14 - Entropy: Engineering Meaning and Additivity01:07:16 - Entropy Cannot Decrease in a Weight Process01:07:38 - Criteria for Reversibility of a Weight Process01:10:08 - Exchangeability of Entropy via Interactions01:11:34 - Entropy Balance Equation01:17:33 - Maximum Entropy and Minimum Energy Principles01:25:14 - State Principle and Fundamental Relation01:36:53 - Partial Derivatives of the Fundamental RelationLicense: Creative Commons BY-NC-SAMore information at https://ocw.mit.edu/termsMore courses at https://ocw.mit.eduSupport OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQWe encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

MIT 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, Fall 2020Instructor: Prof. Robert TownsendUploaded 31-08-22View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-04-intermediate-microeconomic-theory-fall-2020/YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSTSfCs74bg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63wnrKge9vllow3Y2OOOKqFWhen there is pollution, missing markets, externalities in caring about the outcomes for other people (jealousy or altruism), or an infinite number of agents from overlapping generations of finite-lived agents, then the equivalence between the class of competitive equilibria with transfers and the set of Pareto optimal allocations can be broken. But likewise, the link can be restored with markets in rights and appropriate market design.License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SAMore information at https://ocw.mit.edu/termsMore courses at https://ocw.mit.eduSupport OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQWe encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024Instructor: Gian Paolo BerettaUploaded 05-12-24View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2ilThis lecture covers: Energy and entropy carried by photons (electromagnetic radiation). Thermoelectric effects in solid conductors. Seebeck effect, the thermocouple, and the thermoelectric generator. Peltier and Thomson effect.Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec24_pdf/Key moments:00:00:00 - Introduction00:00:23 - Onsager Cross Effects and Curie Symmetry Principle00:03:51 - Only a Fraction of the Energy Flux is Heat00:07:42 - Relation Between Independent Diffusive Fluxes00:19:19 - Electromagnetic Radiation: Energy and Entropy00:27:36 - Relative Diffusive Fluxes and Forces00:36:01 - Thermoelectric Effects00:36:20 - Thermoelectric Effects in Solid Conductors00:49:27 - Seeebeck Effect and the Thermocouple01:02:28 - Seebeck Effect and the Thermoelectric Generator01:08:22 - Peltier Effect01:25:31 - Thomson Heating/Cooling Effect vs Joule Heating01:35:33 - Cross Effects in Charge and Spin Current Transport01:38:21 - Spin-Seebeck EffectLicense: Creative Commons BY-NC-SAMore information at https://ocw.mit.edu/termsMore courses at https://ocw.mit.eduSupport OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQWe encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

MIT 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, Fall 2020Instructor: Prof. Robert TownsendUploaded 31-08-22View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-04-intermediate-microeconomic-theory-fall-2020/YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSTSfCs74bg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63wnrKge9vllow3Y2OOOKqFVillage India is home to extreme poverty and enormous risks, including those that can affect one household but not others due to specialization in income sources, crops, and soil. Yet households in village India come close to an optimal allocation of risk bearing, achieved apparently through ex post borrowing/lending and gifts/transfers. In the medieval village, a primary mechanism was ex ante division of land, though portfolio diversification was imperfect.License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SAMore information at https://ocw.mit.edu/termsMore courses at https://ocw.mit.eduSupport OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQWe encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

MIT 14.310x Data Analysis for Social Scientists, Spring 2023 Instructor: Esther DufloUploaded 20-02-24View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-310x-data-analysis-for-social-scientists-spring-2023YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP61ATaGTFcSp7bhogloD2wHPIn this video, Esther Duflo explains causality, including different ways to model causality. She then moves on to discuss causality and randomized control trials. License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SAMore information at https://ocw.mit.edu/termsMore courses at https://ocw.mit.eduSupport OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQWe encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices