Show Notes
In this episode, Sam Ashoo, MD and T.R. Eckler, MD discuss the November 2025 Emergency Medicine Practice article, Diagnosis and Management of Emergency Department Patients With Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Epidemiology & Background Rising ED visits related to alcohol use. Mortality rates and spectrum of patient presentations. Importance of high suspicion and complexity of cases. Pathophysiology & Mechanisms Alcohol metabolism and neurochemical changes. Differential diagnosis: Conditions that mimic alcohol withdrawal. Prehospital & EMS Considerations Role of EMS in triage and initial management. Use of sobering centers vs. ED transport. Prehospital administration of benzodiazepines (IM midazolam). History & Risk Assessment Key questions to assess risk for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Importance of patient history, medication use, and comorbidities. Discussion on patient honesty and rapport. Physical Exam & Scoring Systems DSM-5 criteria for alcohol withdrawal. Use of CIWA-AR, BAWS, and PAWSS scoring systems. Importance of objective measurement for monitoring and disposition. Complications & Special Presentations Complicated alcohol withdrawal: Hallucinosis, seizures, delirium tremens. Diagnostic workup: Labs, imaging, and co-ingestions. Special populations: End-stage liver disease, pregnancy, intubated patients. Treatment Strategies Mainstay: Benzodiazepines (types, dosing, and protocols). Phenobarbital: Indications, dosing, and evidence. Adjunctive therapies: Thiamine, glucose, magnesium. Alternative/adjunct medications: Gabapentin, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, baclofen. Clinical Pearls & Practice Changes Early, aggressive therapy to prevent complications. Symptom-based vs. fixed-schedule treatment. Gabapentin as an alternative or adjunct. Anti-craving medications for relapse prevention. Disposition & Protocols Use of scoring systems for safe discharge, observation, or admission. Importance of protocolized approaches and community resources. Summary & Take-Home Points Five key practice-changing points. Clinical pathway.
Emergency Medicine Residents, get your free subscription by writing [email protected]
More from EMplify by EB Medicine
In this episode, Sam Ashoo, MD and Dr. T.R. Eckler, MD discuss the September 2026 Emergency Medicine Practice article, Emergency Department Diagnosis and Management of Acetaminophen or Salicylate Toxicity
In this episode, Sam Ashoo, MD and Dr. Syeda Maria Muzammil, MD discuss the August 2026 Emergency Medicine Practice article, Emergency Department Management of Postthrombolysis Intracranial Hemorrhage.
In this episode, Sam Ashoo, MD and Dr. T.R. Eckler, MD discuss the July 2026 Emergency Medicine Practice article, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Diagnosis and Management in the Emergency Department.
In this episode, Sam Ashoo, MD and Dr. T.R. Eckler, MD discuss the June 2026 Emergency Medicine Practice article, Diagnosis and Management of Heat Stroke and Other Heat-Related Illness in the Emergency Department
In this episode, Sam Ashoo, MD and Dr. T.R. Eckler, MD discuss the May 2026 Emergency Medicine Practice article, Emergency Department Evaluation and Management of Serious and High-Risk Infections in the Febrile Returning Traveler.