The Oil ETF That Lost 86% While Oil Went Up | Complete Guide to Investing Part 4: Commodities

Canada doesn't have an estate tax like the US. We tax death a different way, and it reaches a lot more regular families. Take 2 cousins. Doug in Regina and Chad in Dallas each put $2 million into index funds, and today each pile is worth $10 million. Chad's playbook is buy, borrow, die. He never sells, borrows against his shares to live, and when he dies the US resets the cost of those shares to their value that day. The $8 million of growth is never taxed, and the US federal estate tax only starts above US$15 million a person. The US Treasury puts that reset at about US$40 billion this year. Canada dropped its estate tax in 1972 and started taxing gains at death. Doug is treated as if he sold everything the day before he died. Half the gain counts, and at Saskatchewan's top rate that's about $1.87 million. In St. John's it's about $2.14 million. Probate adds about $70,000 in Saskatchewan, $149,000 in Ontario and $169,000 in Nova Scotia. Manitoba dropped its fee in 2020. A spouse defers it all, and the family home is exempt. Far past US$15 million, the US takes 40% of every dollar over the line. Big US estates paid about 19% of their value, about the same as Doug. 4 things I'd keep 1. Use your TFSA and name your spouse as successor holder, or a beneficiary. In Quebec, do it in your will. 2. Draw your RRSP or RRIF down in lower income years. A $1 million RRIF left to your kids adds about $475,000 of tax. 3. Keep your will, beneficiaries and power of attorney up to date. 4. Enjoy your retirement first, then give cash while you're alive. Canada has no gift tax on cash. Pitched life insurance or a family trust to cut the bill? Ask what it costs and who it's built for. My estate guides are in my community at calmmoneycoach.com, and my email list is free. I'm Brian Orlando, CPA, in Halifax. Advice-only planning through Calm Money Coach. No products, no commissions. US: IRS and US Treasury, read October 2026. Canada: 2026 top rates and each province's probate schedule. OECD 2018. Parliament Hill photo: Saffron Blaze, CC BY-SA 3.0. Education only. #estateplanning #estatetax #tax #personalfinancecanada

Which province is cheapest? It depends on who's asking. In part 1, I take the typical full-time wage in each province and work out what's left after tax and the bills. In part 2, I run a young family through all 10 provinces and 3 territories. Part 1. Montreal came out on top with about $24,000 left a year. Calgary was next at about $23,000. Halifax came last at about $14,000, and yes, I checked that twice. Pay and rent move the most money. Tax matters more as your income goes up. Sales tax, groceries, power and car insurance mostly cancel out. Part 2. The Canada Child Benefit is the same everywhere, about $13,400 a year for a family on $60,000 with 2 kids under 6. What changes is what your province adds, from about $6,100 in Quebec to nothing in 6 provinces and territories. Daycare moves the most money: about $10 a day in 5 provinces and Nunavut, more than double in Ontario, and about $13,700 a year reported in BC for 2 kids. For 2 parents on $60,000 each, Vancouver costs about $15,000 a year more than the cheapest 5 cities. 5 things I'd keep 1. Compare what's left after tax and bills, on the pay you'd earn there. 2. Pay and rent move the most money, and tax matters more as your income goes up. 3. With young kids, a raise is worth less and an RRSP or FHSA contribution can pay you back more. 4. File a tax return every year, both parents, even with no income. 5. Open an RESP. Ottawa adds 20 percent. Money is only part of where you live. Your family, your friends and the view aren't on my spreadsheet. My province calculator is in my community at calmmoneycoach.com, and my email list is free. I'm Brian Orlando, CPA, in Halifax. Advice-only planning through Calm Money Coach. No products, no commissions. Pay: Statistics Canada. Rent: CMHC Rental Market Survey, October 2025. Tax: 2026 federal and provincial rates. Benefits: CRA, July 2026 to June 2027, and each province's own page. Daycare: each government's fee page and Statistics Canada, 2025. Bills: my Cheaper Province model, October 2026. Yellowknife photo: Quintin Soloviev, CC BY 4.0. Education only.

Probate on a $1 million estate costs $0 in Manitoba and about $14,000 in New Brunswick. It's usually the smaller of the 2 bills your family pays. Probate is the court confirming your will and your executor. Each province and territory sets its own fee. Alberta and the territories charge $525 at most, Manitoba charges nothing, and in Quebec a notarial will skips it. Ontario, BC, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick charge around 1.5 percent of what goes through the will. Take Elaine, 80, in Moncton, leaving $1 million to her 2 kids. Her house goes through the will, and the principal residence exemption usually means $0 tax on it. Naming her kids on her RRIF and TFSA keeps both out of probate, which takes her probate from about $14,000 to about $8,000. The RRIF is still fully taxed on her last return, about $140,000. Her total income tax is about $150,000 either way. The popular ways to skip probate usually cost more than the fee. A segregated fund at close to 3 percent a year to dodge a 1.5 percent fee once is valet parking every day to avoid 1 parking ticket. A trust costs $3,000 to $15,000 to set up plus a return every year. Adding a kid to the house title can put the principal residence exemption at risk. 3 things I'd keep 1. Probate is a court fee your province sets, on what goes through your will. 2. Check who's named on every RRSP, RRIF, TFSA, pension and insurance policy. 3. Income tax is usually the bigger bill, and a retirement plan that lines up with your estate plan is where you can shrink it. My estate guides are in my community at calmmoneycoach.com, and my email list is free. I'm Brian Orlando, CPA, in Halifax. Advice-only planning through Calm Money Coach. No products, no commissions. Probate fees from each province's and territory's schedule, read October 2026. Tax at 2026 federal and New Brunswick rates. Quebec RRSP, RRIF and TFSA designations follow Quebec rules. Education only.

The average inheritance in Canada is close to $200,000, and it usually arrives while you're grieving. It was Mom's money, and you don't want to be the one who lost it. If you've frozen, that's normal. A Danish study of about 17,000 people after a sudden inheritance found only about 1 in 3 non-investors started investing, even after the biggest ones. So take the pressure off. Park it in a high-interest savings account in your own name, under the $100,000 deposit insurance limit at each bank. A cash inheritance isn't taxed in your hands. Somebody online will tell you to buy a rental property by Friday. It can wait. Keep it in your own name while you think. In many provinces an inheritance kept separate stays yours if a marriage ends, and putting it into the family home can change that. The rules vary by province, so talk it through first. A few months in savings costs very little, and leaving it there for 20 years gets expensive. Since 1900, after inflation, cash earned about 0.5 percent a year and stocks around the world about 5 percent. Then the easy yeses: a 20 percent credit card, the RESP grant, and 3 to 6 months of spending in cash. Money you'll need in 3 years stays safe. Money you won't touch for 7 years or more gets invested simply. And spend some of it on something they'd have loved to see you do. 3 things I'd keep 1. Park it in your own name for a few months, and give the pause an end date. 2. Take the easy yeses first: high-interest debt, the RESP grant and your cash cushion. 3. Invest the long-term money simply, enjoy some of it, and look at the plan every year. My inheritance guide is in my community at calmmoneycoach.com, and my email list is free. I'm Brian Orlando, CPA, in Halifax. Advice-only planning through Calm Money Coach. No products, no commissions. Sources include the Danish inheritance study by Andersen and Nielsen, the Global Investment Returns Yearbook by Dimson, Marsh and Staunton, Cederburg and co-authors on lifetime stock allocations, and Meir Statman. Education only.

Four videos on the feelings side of money, in one place. If you feel like you're failing at something your dad pulled off on one income, the ground moved: in the early 70s food was the biggest line in the household budget, and today it's shelter by a mile. Women and money, the honest version: better results on the actual numbers, and still ending up with less. If you're stressed about money right now, you're not the only one. The median Ontario household has $54,000 to $66,000 of unavoidable costs before clothes, dental or kids' activities. And why the one financial life a lot of Canadians were sold stopped working. More at calmmoneycoach.com I'm Brian Orlando, CPA, in Halifax. Advice-only planning through Calm Money Coach. No products, no commissions. Education only, not advice for your situation.