Summary
Marketers are increasingly calling out "bull spend," a term used to describe advertising expenditures that may look impressive on dashboards but fail to deliver real results when scrutinized by financial officers. This phenomenon highlights the disconnect between flashy metrics and actual brand performance, prompting a push for more accountability in marketing strategies.
The discussion shifts to the concept of reductionism in science, particularly in physics, where understanding larger systems often relies on the principles governing their smaller components. This method, while foundational, faces challenges as researchers encounter anomalies such as the hierarchy problem related to the Higgs boson. The conversation explores the implications of reductionism, suggesting that the relationship between different scales of reality may not be as straightforward as previously thought.
As scientists delve deeper into the fabric of reality, they confront the limitations of effective theories, which work well within certain parameters but break down under extreme conditions. The dialogue raises questions about the potential need for a more comprehensive understanding of the universe that transcends traditional reductionist views, hinting at the possibility of upward causation where larger systems influence smaller components in unexpected ways.
Show Notes
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Big things are made of smaller things, and those smaller things are made of smaller things still. That’s reductionism in a nutshell, and digging our way to the smallest layer has been one of the primary goals of physics for ever. But what if, just before we reach the bottom, we find out that reductionism fails?
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PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE↓ More info below ↓Uploaded 19-01-21Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeToday we’re going to delve into a couple of the most famous paradoxes of special relativity: the Twin Paradox, The Ladder Paradox (aka the Barn-Pole Paradox), and a paradox suggested by our very own viewers, which asks whether a spaceship could wrap around the universe and destroy itself. We’ll explore these paradoxes and see why, against our intuition, the universe really does work in this seemingly nonsensical way. But the point of this episode is to go much further - we’re going to try to break the universe by pushing these paradoxes beyond the limit.Special Thanks to our Patreon Supporters Hank and Mark for suggesting the questions that inspired this episode! #space #relativity #paradoxCheck out the Space Time Merch Storehttps://pbsspacetime.comSign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetimeHosted by Matt O'DowdWritten by Matt O'Dowd Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal and Stephanie FariaDirected by Andrew KornhaberAssistant Producer: Setare GholipourExecutive Producers: Eric Brown and Andrew KornhaberEnd Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0QSpecial Thanks to Our Patreon SupportersBig Bang SupportersSandy WuMatthew MillerClinton RobinsonSean MaddoxBrodie RaoScott GrayAhmad JodehRadu NegulescuAlexander TamasMorgan HoughJuan BenetFabrice EapMark RosenthalDavid NicklasQuasar SupportersHank SChristina OegrenMark HeisingVinnie FalcoHypernova SupportersWilliam BryanMike SwayzemuON MarketingRussell PopeBen DeloL. Wayne AusbrooksNicholas NewlinMark Matthew BoskoJason FinnАнтон КочковAlec S-LJulian TyackeJohn R. SlavikMathewDanton SpiveyDonal BotkinJohn PollockEdmund FokschanerJoseph SalomoneMatthew O'Connorchuck zegarJordan Youngm0nkJohn HofmannTimothy McCullochGamma Ray Burst SupportersAlmog CohenAlex EdwardsNickÁdám KettingerSylvain LeducMatthew HarlowRobert C SchuppAnthony KahngMD3Endre PechDaniel JenningsCameron SampsonPratik MukherjeeGeoffrey ClarionAstronauticistNateDarren DuncanLily kawaiiRuss CreechJeremy ReedMagistrala Хемус [Kybrit]Derek DavisEric WebsterSteven SartoreDrJYouDavid JohnstonJ. KingMichael BartonChristopher BarronJames RamseyJustin JermynMr TAndrew MannJeremiah Johnsonfieldsa eleanoryPeter MertzKevin O'ConnellRichard DeightonIsaac SuttellDevon RosenthalOliver FlanaganDawn M FinkBleys GoodsonDarryl J LyleRobert WalterBruce BIsmael MontecelAndrew RichmondSimon OliphantMirik GogriDavid HughesChristopher HartnettMark Daniel CohenBrandon LattinYannick WeynsNickolas Andrew FreemanBrian BlanchardShane CalimlimTybie FitzhughRobert IlardiAstaurusEric KieblerCraig StonahaMartin SkansMichael ConroyGraydon GossFrederic SimonGreg SmithTonyfaceJohn RobinsonA GKevin LeeAdrian HatchYurii KonovaliukJohn FunaiCass CostelloGeoffrey ShortBradley JenkinsKyle HoferTim StephaniLuaanAlecZeroCodyMalte UblKing ZeckendorffNick VirtueScott GossettMartin J LollarDan WarrenPatrick SuttonJohn GriffithDaniel LyonsDFaulkKevin WarneAndreas NautschBrandon labonte Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACEUploaded 26-07-17Unlock the secrets of Feynman Diagrams. Part 5 in our Quantum Field Theory series. And if you're submitting an answer to our challenge question email your answer by August 2nd to pbsspacetime [AT] gmail.com with the subject line "Feynman Diagram Challenge." You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeGet your own Space Time tshirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBiTweet at us! @pbsspacetimeFacebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetimeEmail us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] comComment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetimeHelp translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_...Previous Episode:The Real Star Warshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8shnjlGwmgFeynman’s path integral shows us that, to properly calculate the probability of a particle traveling from point A to point B, we need to add up the contributions from all conceivable paths between those points – including the impossible paths! In fact we can go even further: according to Feynman’s approach, every conceivable happening that leads from a measured initial state to a measured final state DOES in a sense happen. To calculate the probability of any quantum system evolving from one state into any other state we need to sum over every conceivable intermediate state. This is impossible because there are infinite possible intermediate states.Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd Produced by Rusty WardGraphics by Kurt RossAssistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike PetrowMade by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)Comments answer by Matt:Superphilipphttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8shnjlGwmg&lc=z13act14kwqcvv2nn22muvvztxqnjjryt04Lewinhamhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8shnjlGwmg&lc=z12ajhwg3nubdnhaz04cfjfjumr2w5krek40kMyrmidonhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8shnjlGwmg&lc=z12xupq5qqiqdbl4h04chd4x0syuxfnb1nk0kSure people love Star Wars. But I think they missed a golden opportunity to call the project Ronald Ray-gun.Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big BangCoolAsCatsShane RobinsonDavid NicklasEugene LawsonJoshua DavisQuasarTambe BarsbayMax LevineMayank M. MehrotaMars YenturJoshMark RosenthalDean FuquaHypernovaChuck ZegarJordan YoungRatfeastJohn HofmannJoseph Salomone Martha HuntCraig PetersonScience Via MarketsBarry HatfieldThanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Peter DurocherMichael KersChris HicksMark VasilePatrick MurrayJustin LloydSultan AlkhulaifiAlex SetoConor DillonJared MooreMichal-Peanut KarmiBernardo HigueraErik SteinDaniel LyonsKevin WarneJJ BagnellJ RejcAmy JieAvi GoldfingerJohn PettitShannan CatalanoFlorian StinglmayrYubo DuBenoit Pagé-GuitardNathan LenizJessica FraleyLoro LukicBrandon LabonteDavid CraneGreg Weiss Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
You can learn more about CuriosityStream at https://curiositystream.com/spacetimeUploaded 01-05-19PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACEHow do you take a picture of a black hole and what can we learn from it? Our first ever actual bona fide photo of a black hole, made by the Event Horizon Telescope and revealed to the world in a press conference on April 10th. Since then it’s got plenty of coverage, because … I mean look at it. It’s a freaking black hole. It’s black, it’s holey, it’s everything we hoped it would be. Now that the giddiness has subsided and I personally have stopped spending hours on end staring at a black spot, we can take a breath and actually look at the real science here and discuss exactly how a picture like this could be taken and what we can learn from it.Check out the new Space Time Merch Store!https://pbsspacetime.com/Support Space Time on Patreonhttps://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeNeed a Black Hole Refresherhttps://youtu.be/vNaEBbFbvcY#Blackhole #astrophysics #spacetimeHosted by Matt O'DowdWritten by Matt O'DowdGraphics by Murilo Ceasar LopesDirected by Andrew KornhaberProduced By: Kornhaber BrownSo, how do you take a picture of a black hole? The beast in question is the supermassive black hole in the center of this – the M87 elliptical galaxy. It has an estimated mass of several billion times that of the Sun, which gives it an event horizon larger than the solar system. M87 is 53 million light years away, so resolving that black hole is equivalent to resolving a grain of stand on the beach in LA – if you’re standing in New York. By comparison, the Hubble Space Telescope would struggle to see a large watermelon over that distance.Big Bang:Anton LifshitsDavid NicklasFabrice EapJuan BenetQuasar:Mark RosenthalTambe BarsbayVinnie FalcoHypernova: Antoine BruguierChuck zegarDanton SpiveyDonal BotkinEdmund FokschanerHank SJohn HofmannJordan YoungJoseph SalomonekkmMark HeisingMatthewMatthew O'ConnorThanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Adrien MoyneuxAlexander LazerevAlexey EromenkoAndreas NautschAntonio RuizBradley JenkinsBrandon LabonteBuruk AregawiCarlo MogaveroDaniel LyonsDavid BehtalaDustan JonesGeoffrey ShortJames FlowersJames QuinteroJohn FunaiJohn PollockJonahJoseph DillmanJoseph EmisonJosh ThomasKevin WarneKyle HoferMalte UblMark VasileNathan HitchingsNick VirtuePaul RoseRatfeastRyan JonesScott GossettSigurd Ruud FrivikTim StephaniTommy MogensenYurii Konovaliukسلطان الخليفي Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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