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Trafficking in human beingsUploaded 07-09-23All age groupshttps://worldcouncilforhealth.orghttps://worldcouncilforhealth.substack.com/p/human-traffickingSexual exploitation (66% of global revenue)Labour / servitudeOrgan removalExponentially growing worldwide, internet,trafficking of children for online commercial sexual exploitation,videos and photos,torture and rape of children, including toddlersMethodsDeceptionKidnappingCoercion and/or forceViolence and tortureForced to watch abuse of childrenForced injection with drugsUS Department of Homeland Securityhttps://www.dhs.gov/topics/human-traffickingHuman trafficking is the fastest growing criminal industry in the world. Annual revenue of US$150 billion (2014)Second largest criminal enterprise after drugsParticularly vulnerablePovertyAbusive family environmentDisplacement during violent conflictLiving under corruptionInternational (UN) Labour Organization (2022)https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/09/112642150 million humansOne in every 150 people in the worldOver 12 million are childrenSexual exploitation6.3 million people in situations of forced commercial sexual exploitation on any given day, (2021)This number includes 1.7 million children in commercial sexual exploitation, (ILO 2022) https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/human_rights_vol37_2010/spring2010/sex_trafficking_and_hiv_aids_a_deadly_junction_for_women_and_girls/Some survivors report having been forced to engage in sexual intercourse with up to fifty perpetrators in a single day Children trafficked for sex tourism serve about 1,500 customers per year, more than half of those children are under the age of 12https://www.missingkids.org/homeInternet abuse, 2019Nearly 70 million child sexual abuse files (videos/pictures),https://protectchildren.ca/en/about-us/78% of child abuse files involved children under the age of 12,63% showed children under 8At any given time, there are 750,000 to over 1 million predators online searching for these filesForced labour and servitudehttps://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/659360/EPRS_BRI(2020)659360_EN.pdfOver 20 million peopleHazardous conditions, mines, fields, factories, homes, construction sites. Carry heavy loads, exposed to pesticides and other toxinsWork excessive hours, severe weather conditions. Denigrating treatment, constant risk of violent abuse. Tens of thousands become ill and die.https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/feb/12/mars-nestle-and-hershey-to-face-landmark-child-slavery-lawsuit-in-usOrgan and blood harvestingNumbers uncertainReports of it are increasing across the worldMedical and ritual purposes2017, Daesh (ISIS)https://www.dni.gov/files/NCTC/documents/jcat/firstresponderstoolbox/First-Responders-Toolbox---International-Partnerships-Among-Public-Health-Private-Sector-and-Law.pdfOrgans from oppressed minorities and prisonersGovernments and organised crime networksHuman Trafficking in the U.S. and Europe Trafficking for sexual exploitation most common typehttps://www.unov.org/unov/en/unodc.html72% of detected survivors in North America“with the market forces of prostitution driving demand for human trafficking of women and girls“https://nij.ojp.gov“Studies find that up to 80% of samples of women and girls serving as prostitutes had been coerced or forced to engage in prostitution by pimps or traffickers.“ United States“accounts for nearly 50% of all IP addresses engaging in P2P file sharing of child pornography images“ The New York Times (2019)“ The images are horrific. Children, some just 3 or 4 years old, being sexually abused and in some cases tortured. Some followed by travel to Latin America and the Caribbean. EuropeThe majority of traf Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

New descendant of the Delta variant, Delta, predominant, 99.8% of sequenced cases in EnglandAs of 11 October 2021Uploaded 20-10-21Delta, predominant variant, 99.8% of sequenced cases in England Delta sublineage newly designated as AY.4.2There are also small numbers of new cases of Delta with E484K and Delta with E484Q https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/investigation-of-sars-cov-2-variants-technical-briefingshttps://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1025827/Technical_Briefing_25.pdfhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/19/fears-grow-in-england-over-rise-of-new-covid-delta-varianthttps://www.thesun.co.uk/health/16463658/new-delta-subvariant-uk-more-infectious/https://www.italy24news.com/News/164491.htmlhttps://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/delta-ay-sub-variant-which-requires-urgent-research-found-in-these-us-states/ar-AAPFk3Shttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-58965650UK genetic sequencing, 6%, now 8% or moreUK, over a million sequences performed so farOn an increasing trajectoryUS, Denmark, CanadaUS, 3 cases sequenced, no clusters reportedNorth Carolina, California, DC10 cases in Israel, all from USUK, 14,247 sequenced as of Monday, October 18th AY.4.2, Delta Plus, Spike protein change(AY means it is a delta subtype)(AY.4 is already 80% in the UK)Mutations - Y145H and A222VFound in various lineages since the beginning of the pandemicWill this give the virus additional powers?Vaccine escape?Slight effect on the binding between antibodies and the virusNot yet a variant of concern or variant under investigation WHO, next few days, nu variantOriginal Delta, classified as VOC, UK May 2021 July 2021 experts identified AY.4.2.Sublineage of Delta, increasing slowly since thenProf Francois Balloux, University College London, Genetics InstituteIt is potentially a marginally more infectious strain.It's nothing compared with what we saw with Alpha and Delta, which were something like 50 to 60 percent more transmissible. So we are talking about something quite subtle here and that is currently under investigation. At this stage I would say wait and see, don't panic. it is not something absolutely disastrous like we saw previouslyDr Jeffrey Barrett, Covid-19 Genomics Initiative, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, and Prof Francois BallouxAY.4.2 could be 10-15% more transmissible than the original Delta variant.Unlikely to be fuelling current UK increases(That’s mostly school age and to their parents) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Virus secrets, some known unknownsUploaded 01-10-22https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/09/26/covid-questions-variants-long-covid/?utm_campaign=wp_to_your_health&utm_medium=email&utm_source=newsletter&wpisrc=nl_tyh6.5 million deaths, 16% in the USResearchers, more than 200,000 studiesFour times the number on influenza in the 100 yearsWhere did the virus come from, and why has it been so successful?Vincent Munster, virus ecology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesWe’ve now identified 20 or 30 of these viruses that all look very similar, but they are not the same. What is the true hideout place of the progenitor of SARS-CoV-2Escape from a labVirus evolved in nature and was being studiedVirus was created in the lab by researchersHow does it mutates so rapidly?(proofreading systems)Immune compromised peopleReverse zoonosishttps://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/animals.htmlhttps://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481551v1.fullVirus found in 29 other animals so farMink, hamsters, mice, white-tailed deer, cats, dogs, ferrets, lions, tigers, snow leopards, otters, non-human primates, hyenas, hippopotamuses, and manatees.mule deer, a black-tailed marmoset, a giant anteaterMassively variable clinical picture?Why are older people effected more and children and the young protected?Why is it better to be 1 than 50?1918 flu pandemicHighest mortality rates, children 5 and under, adults 20 to 40, 65 and older1957 flu pandemic, Increases in the mortality rate relative to baselinehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4747626/Greatest in school-aged children, young adults, elderly populationSomething to do with mucosal immunity and interferons?https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04345-xGenetic variationAssociation Between the LZTFL1 rs11385942 Polymorphism and COVID-19 Severity in Colombian Populationhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35795626/Genetic and non-genetic factors are responsible for the high interindividual variability in the response to SARS-CoV-2. https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9891785Content that claims that any group or individual has immunity to the virus or cannot transmit the virusWhy do some people develop long covid?Why does covid severity differ by age and from one person to another?Self-reported long COVID more commonhttps://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/articles/coronaviruscovid19latestinsights/infectionsaged 35 to 69 yearsfemales people living in more deprived areas those working in social carepeople not looking for work (less common in people looking for work)another activity-limiting health condition or disability   As time goes byBill Powderly, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis.The virus is becoming more infectious but less dangerous for the majority of peopleBut we’ve no guarantee that the virus wouldn’t develop additional mutations that would eventually make it more virulent in the future Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Rant warning. There is a significant rant in this video starting at 15 minutes 20 seconds. Viewer discretion is advised as some may find this objectionable.Uploaded 22-07-22CDC variant nowcasthttps://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportionsBA.5 77.9%BA.4 12.8%BA.2.12.1 8.6%BA.2 0.6%BA.1 0%Delta 0%Others 0%https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/covid-cases.html?campaign_id=185&emc=edit_yct_20220722&instance_id=67312&nl=coronavirus-tracker®i_id=110300449&segment_id=99240&te=1&user_id=0b87b8c1eea981ec0514047bbfa553caRisk of death in vaccinated and unvaccinatedHospital admission risk goes up with ageMr. Biden, (79) isolating at homeFully vaccinated, had second booster, end of MarchTested positive, Thursday. very mild symptomsTaking PaxlovidWhite House has stringent measures to prevent infectionhttps://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/articles/coronaviruscovid19/latestinsights5.77% in England (1 in 17 people)6.03% in Wales (1 in 17 people)4.82% in Northern Ireland (1 in 20 people) 6.48% in Scotland (1 in 15 people)Long covid, data to 27 May 2022 Coronavirus Infection Survey, 12 to 16 weeks laboratory-confirmed infectionBA.1 4.5% BA.2 4.2%Delta 5.0% of triple-vaccinated adults,Zoe datahttps://health-study.joinzoe.com/dataJapan, highest level of vigilance https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/22/japan-urges-highest-level-of-vigilance-as-omicron-subvariant-drives-record-covid-surgeNew wave of infectionsOmicron BA.5 subvariantCases, + 186,000, disproportionately affected children and young peopleRecent rise in cases, 60 +Lowest per capita rate of 38 OECD countries246 per million people Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Open access using this link:Uploaded 13-12-23https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eci.14136Effectiveness of a fourth SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose in previously infected individuals from AustriaEvidence is limited on the effectiveness of a fourth vaccine dose against coronavirus disease 2019,in populations with prior SARS-CoV-2 infections. We estimated the risk of COVID-19 deaths (primary outcome)We estimated the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections (secondary outcome)MethodsAustria nationwide retrospective observational study. 1 November to 31 December 2022Primarily comparing individuals with four versus three vaccine doses. Whole population data.Results3,986,312 previously infected individuals281,291 (7,1%) had four vaccinations at baseline1,545,242 (38.8%) had three vaccinations at baseline We recorded69 COVID-19 deaths89,056 SARS-CoV-2 infectionsThe majority of COVID-19 deaths and a significant proportion of all-cause deaths occurred in nursing home residentsRelative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) for four versus three vaccine doses-24% against COVID-19 deaths17% against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Protection against infection rapidly diminished over time,and infection risk with four vaccinations was higher during extended follow-up until June 2023. Adjusted HR for all-cause mortality for four versus three vaccinations was 0.79.That is people with a 4th dose were only 79% as likely to die(Suggesting healthy vaccinee bias, i.e. healthier persons received more vaccine doses)DiscussionIn previously infected individuals, a fourth vaccination did not reduce COVID-19 death risk, but with transiently reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections,and reversal of this effect in longer follow-up. All-cause mortality data suggest healthy vaccinee bias.More detailsMostly Pfizer vaccine, some ModernaIn this study, overall case fatality rate, 0.08%.(IFR, ? 0.008% if 10% of infections picked up)Individuals with repeated previous infections had reduced re-infection riskNatural immunity may be a main determinant of immunological protection in a populationBy end 2022, the vast majority of the global population had already acquired some immune protectionCompared to three vaccine doses, those with fewer or no vaccinations did not differ with regard to COVID-19 mortality,but had reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections.In 2022, infection fatality rates due to SARS-CoV-2 significantly declined suggesting transitioning into endemicity.In general, our study results question whether recommendations for repeated vaccine boosters against SARS-CoV-2 are currently justified for large parts of the general population with a history of previous infections. Measures against SARS-CoV-2 including vaccine policy should be critically re-assessed for their risk-to-benefit ratio.As most SARS-CoV-2 infections are asymptomatic or mild in an endemic phase, effectiveness of vaccinations should be primarily evaluated according to hard clinical outcomes (e.g. COVID-19 deaths)Extended follow-upFrom 1 January to 30 June 2023Omicron XBB.1.5. was the predominant variant225 COVID-19 deaths174,174 SARS-CoV-2 infections. Analyses in 2023 confirm no relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) for four versus three vaccine doses for COVID-19 mortality,but show higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections with a rVE of −17%Free download John’s textbooks in high res pdf.https://drjohncampbell.co.ukCheck out Campbell's Physiology Notes Dr John Campbell Sold by author on eBay!https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/155780745424?mkcid=16&mkevt=1&mkrid=711-127632-2357-0&ssspo=K6raxMZrQnm&sssrc=4429486&ssuid=K6raxMZrQnm&var=&widget_ver=artemis&media=EMAIL Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices